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URBANA 


STATE  OF  ILLINOIS 

DEPARTMENT  OF  REGISTRATION  AND  EDUCATION 

A.  M.  SHELTON,  Director 

DIVISION  OF  THE 
STATE  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 

M.  M.  LEIGHTON,  Chief 

REPORT  OF  INVESTIGATIONS— NO.  3 

PRELIMINARY  REPORT  OF 

AN  INVESTIGATION  OF  THE 

MOLDING  SAND  RESOURCES  OF 

ILLINOIS 

BY 

M.  S.  LITTLEFIELD 

IN  COOPERATION  WITH  THE  ENGINEERING 

EXPERIMENT  STATION  OF  THE  UNIVERSITY  OF 

ILLINOIS 


PRINTED  BY  AUTHORITY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  ILLINOIS 


URBANA,  ILLINOIS 

1925 


Blakely   Printing   Company 

Chicago,  Illinois 

1925 


PRELIMINARY   REPORT   OF  AN   INVESTIGATION 
OF  THE  MOLDING  SAND  RESOURCES 
OF  ILLINOIS 

By  M.  S.  Littlefield 


OUTLINE 

PAGE 

Introduction   5 

Method  of  investigation 6 

Field  work  6 

General  statement    6 

Sampling  methods   7 

Laboratory  work   7 

Acknowledgments    8 

Results  of   testing 8 

Introduction   8 

Durability   test    9 

Value   9 

General    procedure    9 

Base   permeability    10 

Value    10 

General  procedure   11 

Conclusions 12 

Description  of  molding  sand  deposits  in  Illinois  (by  counties) 12 

Adams    12 

Bond    12 

Boone     13 

Bureau    14 

Cass    14 

Clinton     15 

Cook   15 

Fayette  15 

Gallatin    16 

Hancock    17 

Henderson    17 

Henry     18 

Jackson    19 

Jo  Daviess  19 

Kane    20 

Kendall    20 

La    Salle 20 

Lawrence    21 

3 


4  MOLDING    SAND    RESOURCES    OF    ILLINOIS 

PAGE 

Madison    21 

Marshall    21 

Mc  Henry    22 

Ogle    22 

Peoria    22 

Pope  23 

Pulaski     24 

Randolph   24 

Rock  Island 24 

Sangamon   25 

St.   Clair    25 

Shelby    25 

Tazewell    26 

White     26 

Whiteside    26 

Will    27 

Winnebago   27 

Foreign  molding  sands  used  in  Illinois 28 


TABLES 

1.  Results  of  tests  on   Illinois  molding  sands 3(1 

2.  Results  of  tests  on  imported  sands  used  in  Illinois 37 


INTRODUCTION 

An  investigation  of  the  molding  sand  resources  of  Illinois 
was  recommended  to  the  Illinois  Geological  Survey  by  the  Joint 
Committee  of  the  American  Foundrymen's  Association  and  the 
National  Research  Council  as  a  part  of  their  program  to  secure 
data  on  the  molding  sand  resources  of  the  important  foundry 
states  of  the  Union.  Illinois  which  ranks  third  in  the  production 
of  molding  sand  and  fifth  in  the  number  of  foundries  is  of  con- 
siderable importance  both  as  a  producer  and  as  a  consumer. 
There  are  490  active  foundries  of  all  types  in  the  State.1  Much 
of  the  production  is  silica  sand  for  steel  founding,  a  branch  of 
production  which  is  well  established.  The  production  of  mold- 
ing- sand  for  the  vears  1922  and  1923  was  as  follows : 


Natural 

Natural 

Steel  sand 

bonded  sands 

Total 

bonded  sand 

Tons 

Tons 

Tons 

Per  cent 

1922 

546,765 

107,996 
150.720 

654,761 
748.683 

16.5 

1923 

647.963 

18.9 

Visits  to  foundries  showed  that  considerable  sand  is  shipped 
in  from  outside  the  State.  For  the  foundries  visited  in  Chicago 
more  than  50  per  cent  of  the  sand  was  imported  and  for  those 
located  elsewhere  in  the  State  approximately  10  per  cent  was 
obtained  outside  Illinois.  Of  the  State's  490  foundries,  200  are 
located  in  Chicago.  If  the  percentages  given  above  hold  true, 
about  one-fourth  of  the  natural  bonded  molding  sand  used 
within  Illinois  is  obtained  from  other  states.  It  is  probable  that 
the  greater  part  of  the  sand  shipped  in  is  fine  sand. 

The  ^resources  of  commercial  natural  bonded  molding  sand 
are  estimated  to  approximate  at  least  6,000,000  tons  exclusive  of 
the  sands  of  the  St.  Peter  formation,  and  of  the  limy  yellow  silts 
known  geologically  as  loess  in  the   western  part  of  the    State. 


'The   Foundry,   p.   801,   October   15,    1924. 


6  MOLDING    SAM)    RESOURCKS    OF    ILLINOIS 

There  are  several  million  tons  available  in  the  Wabash  valley  at 
points  three  to  five  miles  from  railroads  which  were  not  sampled 
nor  included  in  the  estimates  as  being  commercial. 

The  sand  resources  of  the  State  may  be  roughly  divided 
into  two  classes: — (a)  the  fine,  and  (b)  the  medium  and  coarse 
sands.  The  latter  are  abundant  and  probably  will  furnish  a 
sufficient  supply  for  many  years.  The  fine  sands,  that  is,  those 
which  are  of  usable  quality,  are  not  so  abundant.  The  loess  or 
the  calcareous  yellow  silt,  which  is  found  in  such  abundance 
along  the  bluffs  of  Mississippi  River  and  for  some  miles  to  the 
east,  does  not  seem  to  be  worthy  of  consideration  as  a  competitor 
for  lime-free  sands  of  the  same  texture.  It  is  used  for  some 
purposes  and  it  is  regretful  that  because  of  its  abundance  and 
uniformity  it  cannot  be  further  utilized. 

METHOD  OF  INVESTIGATION 

Field  Work 

general  statement 

Field  work  was  carried  on  from  June  18  to  September  15, 
1923.  Eighty-five  counties  of  the  102  counties  of  the  State  were 
studied,  those  omitted  being  counties  from  which  there  has  been 
no  production  reported  and  whose  geological  conditions  indicate 
that  they  are  barren  territory.  A  total  of  139  samples  was  col- 
lected and  tested,  57  from  producing  pits,  42  from  new  deposits, 
and  40  from  foundries.  The  40  samples  collected  from  foundries 
included  24  Illinois  sands  and  16  foreign  sands.  All  the  known 
producing  pits  in  Illinois  were  visited.  Twenty-nine  new  deposits 
of  commercial  promise  were  found  and  sampled. 

In  order  that  the  study  should  be  conducted  as  nearly  as 
possible  from  the  viewpoint  of  the  foundryman,  40  foundries 
were  visited  in  Chicago,  Peoria,  East  Moline,  Rock  Island,  East 
St.  Louis,  Quincy  and  other  cities.  A  study  was  made  of 
foundry  practice,  information  was  obtained  regarding  their 
molding  sand  problems,  data  were  secured  on  sand  production 
in  Illinois  and  importation  from  other  states,  and  samples  of 
sands,  which  had  been  found  to  be  satisfactory  from  the  stand- 


MOLDING    SAND    RESOURCES    OF    ILLINOIS  7 

point  of  actual  foundry  practice,  were  collected  with  a  view  to 
testing  these  and  using  the  results  for  checking  the  quality  of 
"unknown"  sands. 

SAMPLING   METHODS 

Samples  of  molding  sand  were  obtained  from  three  general 
sources — the  foundry  bins,  from  pit  sections  or  partially  loaded 
cars  at  the  pits,  and  from  dug  sections  of  undeveloped  outcrops. 
Samples  taken  from  cars  were  selected  from  various  parts  of 
the  car  and  carefully  mixed.  These  included  produced  grades. 
A  few  produced  grades  were  taken  from  the  pit  section,  care 
being  taken  to  include  exactly  that  part  of  the  section  being  dug. 
Most  samples  mixed  from  pit  sections  are  called  possible  grades 
as  there  is  sufficient  sand  in  position  to  produce  a  like  grade. 
There  are,  however,  some  types  of  deposits  which  are  so  variable 
that  large  quantities  of  a  given  grade  are  difficult  to  obtain. 

The  producers'  grade  classification  is  given  in  Tables  1  and  2 
only  in  case  the  producer  definitely  stated  that  the  grade  was 
standard.  Also  it  cannot  be  assumed  that  all  produced  grades  or 
possible  grades  can  be  produced  so  that  test  results  would  be 
exactly  the  same  as  those  given  in  this  report.  In  order  that 
sands  can  be  bought  on  a  basis  of  standard  tests,  they  must  be 
produced  by  controlled  methods  and  purchasing  plants  must  ob- 
serve a  reasonable  degree  of  tolerance.  A  discussion  of  types 
of  sands  will  be  included  in  the  forthcoming  more  detailed  re- 
port on  the  molding  sand  resources  of  the  State  by  the  Illinois 
Geological  Survey. 

Laboratory  Work 

The  testing  of  the  samples  collected  during  the  summer  of 
1923  was  done  cooperatively  during  the  summer  of  1924  by  the 
Engineering  Experiment  Station  of  the  University  of  Illinois 
and  the  Illinois  Geological  Survey,  in  the  foundry  laboratory  of 
the  department  of  Mechanical  Engineering.  The  equipment  in 
this  laboratory  is  as  specified  in  the  Standard  Test  Procedures 
recommended  by  the  American  Foundrymen's  Association  and 
the  results  are  therefore  comparable  with  the  results  of  other 
organizations  using  the  standardized  tests.  In  addition,  base 
permeability  tests,  with  the  clay  removed,  were  made  on  all  the 


8  MOLDING    SAM)    RESOURCES    OF    [LLINOIS 

sands,  and  durability  tests  which  gave  the  percentage  of  a  bond 
strength  lost  by  heating  for  two  hours  at  a  temperature  of  600 
degrees  Fahr.,  were  made  on  48  sands. 

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 

The  success  of  this  scientific  study  has  been  dependent  in 
large  measure  on  the  interest  and  cooperation  of  the  molding 
sand  producers  and  foundrymen  of  the  State.  Attention  given 
by  the  Chicago  Foundrymen's  Association  and  the  Quad  City 
Foundrymen's  Association  enabled  the  visitation  of  more  plants 
than  would  have  been  otherwise  possible. 

Dr.  M.  M.  Leighton,  Chief  of  the  State  Geological  Survey, 
was  in  constant  touch  with  the  work,  and  his  detailed  knowledge 
of  the  glacial  deposits  of  northern  Illinois  made  possible  a  sys- 
tematic survey  of  difficult  areas;  Mr.  L.  F.  Athy,  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Chicago,  ably  assisted  in  the  field  work;  Mr.  B.  W. 
Benedict,  Manager  of  the  Shop  Laboratory,  provided  full  lab- 
oratory facilities ;  Mr.  R.  E.  Kennedy,  assistant  secretary  of 
the  American  Foundrymen's  Association,  gave  helpful  advice 
during  both  field  and  laboratory  work;  Professor  C.  W.  Par- 
melee,  Head  of  the  Department  of  Ceramics,  extended  aid  in  pur- 
suing experimental  work  on  heat  tests  ;  Mr.  H.  W.  Dietert,  Sand 
Technologist  of  the  United  States  Radiator  Corporation,  Detroit, 
suggested  practical  test  procedures  from  his  own  experience; 
and  in  the  laboratory,  Mr.  R.  S.  Datta  and  Mr.  B.  F.  Nordmann 
of  the  University  of  Illinois  were  helpful  assistants  by  reason  of 
their  scientific  interest. 

RESULTS  OF  TESTING 

Introduction 

Tables  1  and  2  contain  in  summary  form  the  results  of  test- 
ing the  entire  number  of  samples.  The  tests  for  fineness,  permea- 
bility, and  bond  were  carried  on  in  accordance  with  recommenda- 
tions  of   the   American   Foundrvmen's   Association.2     Tests    for 


'-Tentatively  adopted  methods  of  tests  and  resume  of  activities  of  the  Joint 
Committee  on  Molding  Sand  Research.  American  Foundryman's  Association  bulletin, 
June    1,    1924    (Corrected    edition). 


MOLDING    SAND    RESOURCES    OF    ILLINOIS  9 

durability  and  base  permeability  were  made  with  a  view  to  pre- 
senting results  of  possible  practical  value  to  foundrymen.  These 
results  should  stimulate  work  which  will  check  their  value  as 
practical  and  feasible  tests.  Modifications  of  the  methods  might 
well  be  made  but  it  is  desirable  in  all  cases  to  use  as  much  of  the 
standard  test  apparatus  and  ordinary  foundry  equipment  as 
possible. 

Durability  Test 

value 

A  need  for  a  test  of  the  durability  of  molding  sand  has 
been  evident,  as  a  sand  which  has  a  low  degree  of  durability  may 
not  be  profitably  used  even  though  the  fineness,  permeability 
and  cohesiveness  tests  indicate  its  suitability.  The  problem  of 
durability,  or  life  of  a  sand,  is  distinct  from  the  problem  of  re- 
fractoriness or  resistance  to  fluxing,  as  it  is  conceivable  that  a 
very  refractory  sand  might  be  short  lived.  The  general  pro- 
cedure of  durability  tests  developed  and  used  in  plant  control 
work  by  H.  W.  Dietert  was  adopted  after  some  experimenta- 
tion with  temperatures  at  500  degrees,  600  degrees,  1000  de- 
grees to  1250  degrees,  and  1800  degrees  Fahr.  A  temperature 
of  600  degrees  Fahr.,  which  is  that  used  by  Mr.  Dietert,  was 
found  to  be  best  suited  for  obtaining  results  apparently  indica- 
tive of  durability.  Lower  temperatures  gave  little  differentia- 
tion between  sands,  and  temperatures  above  1000  degrees  ap- 
peared to  dehydrate  so  much  of  the  clay  substance  that  the 
bond  strength  was  due  largely  to  interlocking  of  grains  and 
possibly  some  adhesion  between  grains  which  had  burnt  on 
coats  of  "dead"  clay.  At  1800  degrees  the  bond  strength  was 
entirely  lost  in  the  few  samples  tested  at  that  temperature. 

The  foundry  problem  of  durability  relates  to  the  partially 
burnt  sand  which  goes  back  into  the  heap  and  not  to  the  sand 
which  is  entirely  burnt  out  and  discarded.  Hence  it  is  desirable 
to  know  the  loss  of  bond  strength  at  low  temperatures.  Such 
a  test  is  largely  an  aid  in  gaging  the  durability  of  new  sand. 

GENERAL    PROCEDURE 

Three  pounds  of  untested,  air  dried  sand  broken  up  to 
pass  a  No.  6  riddle,  is  put  into  a  sheet  iron  or  aluminum  pan 


10  MOLDING    SAND    RESOURCES    OF    ILLINOIS 

of  such  size  that  the  sample  may  be  spread  evenly  in  a  layer 
about  one-fourth  of  an  inch  thick.  The  sand  is  placed  in  a  gas 
core  oven  which  is  heated  until  a  given  shelf  reaches  600  de- 
grees Fahr.  and  a  thermo  couple  laid  on  top  of  the  sand.  Uni- 
form temperature  is  maintained  for  two  hours,  a  tolerance  of 
15  degrees  Fahr.  being  allowed  after  the  sand  reaches  600  de- 
grees Fahr.  After  being  removed  from  the  oven,  the  sand  is 
spread  in  a  thin  layer  on  an  iron  core  bench  and  allowed  to  cool 
for  two  hours.  It  is  then  tempered  to  the  optimum  water  con- 
tent for  bond  strength  and  allowed  to  temper  for  twenty- four 
hours.  The  test  for  bond  strength  is  made  in  accordance  with 
the  procedure  of  the  standard  cohesiveness  test.  The  difference 
between  the  bond  strength  of  the  heated  sample  and  the  bond 
strength  at  optimum  water  content  of  the  usual  sample  is  the  loss 
which  is  best  stated  as  percentage  of  the  maximum  bond  strength 
of  the   sample. 

The  durability  bond  test  figures  given  in  Tables  1  and  2  were 
obtained  at  the  optimum  water  content  as  shown  by  the  usual  test. 
Quite  probably  the  optimum  water  content  changes  somewhat 
on  heating  and  although  no  specific  data  can  be  advanced  in  sup- 
port, it  seems  probable  that  excessively  high  or  excessively  low 
bond  strength  losses  may  be  due  in  part  to  migration  of  the 
optimum  water  content.  The  weight  of  this  factor  must  be  es- 
tablished or  eliminated  before  a  test  showing  low  durability  be 
condemned  or  one  showing  a  high  durability  or  a  slight  gain  be 
accepted  with  full  confidence.  Foundry  practice  is  the  final 
judge  in  weighing  the  value  of  any  test  and  a  check  by  plant 
control  men  on  the  life  of  the  sands  in  present  use  would  be  of 
considerable  advantage. 

Base  Permeability 

value 

Base  permeability  tests  were  found  to  be  of  practical  value 
by  H.  W.  Dietert  in  furnishing  data  on  the  tendency  of  certain 
sands  to  open  or  close  a  heap.  The  natural  permeability  of  the 
sand,  that  is,  the  permeability  when  tempered  for  use,  gives  little 


MOLDING    SAND    RESOURCES    OF    ILLINOIS  11 

or  no  indication  as  to  the  effect  of  the  sand  grains  upon  the  per- 
meability of  a  heap  after  all  or  a  part  of  the  clay  is  burnt  out. 
The  variations  of  base  permeability  from  natural  permeability 
are  striking  in  some  cases.  Correlation  of  such  results  with  the 
action  of  a  sand  in  the  heap  is  the  final  criterion  of  the  value  of 
these  data.  It  seems  that,  like  the  durability  test,  this  test  is 
most  valuable  in  testing  new  sands. 

GENERAL  PROCEDURE 

Approximately  three  hundred  grams  of  sand  are  treated  in 
the  same  manner  as  for  the  fineness  test,  in  order  to  eliminate 
the  clay.  The  dried  sand  is  poured  through  a  funnel  into  a 
two-inch  glass  tube,  upon  which  is  a  mark  indicating  the  volume 
of  sand  that  forms  a  two-inch  column  when  rammed  in  the 
permeability  cylinder.  The  quantity  of  sand  necessary  varies 
slightly  with  certain  sands  according  to  their  degree  of  com- 
paction. A  screen,  200-mesh  for  fine  samples  and  100-mesh 
for  coarser  samples,  is  used  in  the  end  of  the  permeability 
cylinder.  The  sand  in  the  glass  tube  must  be  examined  for 
bedding  into  laminpe  of  various  sized  grains,  particularly  the 
silt  and  serves  as  an  indicator  of  the  difficulty  involved  in  ob- 
taining a  uniform  mix  of  all  grades.  The  sand  is  poured  evenly 
from  the  glass  tube  into  the  permeability  cylinder.  Some  sort- 
ing is  inevitable  with  some  sands  and  experience  will  teach  a 
rate  of  pouring  that  will  minimize  this  error.  Care  must  be  taken 
not  to  jar  or  "shake  down"  the  sample  before  ramming.  A 
screen  on  the  upper  surface  is  advisable.  The  permeability  is 
obtained  by  the  standard  method.  The  sand  is  returned  to  the 
original  receptacle  and  another  sample,  taken  from  the  remixed 
total  sample,  is  tested.  Sorting  of  grain  sizes  by  pouring  the 
sand  into  the  cylinder  is  a  serious  difficulty  and  may  produce  a 
silt  layer  which  is  more  impermeable  than  the  sample  as  a  whole. 
A  check  as  definite  as  is  obtained  in  natural  permeability  tests 
is  seldom  possible,  if  the  same  tolerance  of  height  of  sand  cylin- 
der is  used.  At  least  five  runs  should  be  made  to  obtain  a  fair 
average. 


12  MOLDING    SAXD    RESOURCES    OF    ILLINOIS 

CONCLUSIONS 

Results  showed  that  the  silt  grade  is  the  most  important  of 
the  factors  governing  base  permeability.  It  is  probable  that  there 
is  a  "saturation  point"  at  which  the  material  on  270-mesh  and 
through  270-mesh  occurs  in  sufficient  quantity  to  fill  all  the  in- 
terstices between  the  larger  grains.  Such  a  point  is  high  if  the 
sand  is  coarse,  well  sorted  and  rounded  in  shape,  and  lower  if 
several  grades  of  angular  sand  are  present.  If  the  silt  does  not 
completely  fill  the  interstices,  the  sand  may  be  as  open  or  more 
open  than  when  tempered.  However,  if  the  silt  does  fill  all  the 
interstices,  the  sand  will  probably  lie  less  permeable  than  when 
tempered.  Probably  no  practical  mathematical  method  for  com- 
puting base  permeability  from  the  grain  size  grade  percentages 
can  be  devised.  However,  after  some  experience,  it  is  entirely 
possible  that  a  general  prediction  of  a  high  or  low  base  per- 
meability might  be  determined  frcm  the  fineness  test  data.  The 
only  way  to  be  certain  is  to  make  the  test,  which  can  be  made 
at  the  same  time  as  the  fineness  test. 


DESCRIPTION  OF  MOLDING  SAND  DEPOSITS 
IN  ILLINOIS 

Adams  County 

Sample  No.  139:  NE.  1/4  NW.  1/4  sec.  26.  T.  1  S.,  R.  9  W.  One- 
fourth  mile  north  of  Chicago,  Burlington  and  Quincy  siding.  Sample 
taken  from  bin  of  Electric  Wheel  Company,  Quincy,  Illinois.  From 
producing  pit  worked  by  J.  A.  Piatt,  Quincy,  Illinois.  Used  for  light 
gray  iron  and  for  bond  renewal.  Three-  to  seven-foot  section.  Extent, 
20,000  to  100,000  tons.  Formation,  wind  blown  silt  or  loess,  capping  east 
valley  wall  of  Mississippi  River.  A  calcareous  sand  containing  primarily 
deposited  bond. 

Bond  County 

Sample  No.  52:  Location  same  as  No.  171.  Sample  taken  from  bin 
of  Greenlee  Brothers,  Rockford,  Illinois.     Used  for  heavy  castings. 

Sample  No.  53:  Location  same  as  No.  171.  Sample  taken  from  bin 
of  Greenlee  Brothers,  Rockford,  Illinois.  A  finer  grade  than  No.  52. 
Used  for  medium  heavy  castings.  Mixes  made  of  No.  52  and  No.  53 
t"   suit  grade  of  work. 


MOLDING    SAND    RESOURCES    OF    ILLINOIS  13 

Sample  No.  100:  Location  same  as  No.  168.  Sample  taken  from 
bin  of  Frank  Foundries,  Moline,  Illinois.  Used  for  very  heavy  castings. 
Trade   name,   Greenville   Coarse. 

Sample  No.  166:  NW.  1/4  NE.  1/4  sec.  25,  T.  4  N.,  R.  2  W.  One 
and  one-half  miles  east  of  Tamalco  siding,  Chicago,  Burlington  and 
Quincy  Railroad.  Worked  by  G.  Nicol  and  Son,  Collinsville,  Illinois. 
Production  for  heavy  gray  iron  work.  Sample  mixed  in  pit.  Half  and 
half  mixture  of  heavy  top  sand  and  sharp  basal  sand.  Extent,  100,000 
to  280,000  tons.  Formation,  Illinoian  fluvio-glacial  sands  containing 
weathered  bond. 

Sample  No.  167:  Location  same  as  No.  166.  Sample  of  produced 
grade  from  7-foot  pit  section.     Shipped  for  heavy  gray  iron  work. 

Sample  No.  168:  SW.  1/4  NE.  1/4  sec.  1,  T.  5  N.,  R.  2  W.  One 
and  one-half  miles  south  of  Mulberry  Grove  siding  of  Vandalia  Railroad. 
Worked  by  Warren  Sand  Company,  Mulberry  Grove,  Illinois.  Produc- 
tion for  heavy  gray  iron  work.  Sample  taken  from  two  partially  loaded 
cars.  Pit  section  7  to  9  feet.  Extent,  100,000  to  200,000  tons.  Formation, 
Illinoian  fluvio-glacial  sands  containing  weathered  bond. 

Sample  No.  170:  E.  1/2  SW.  1/4  sec.  10,  T.  5  N,  R.  3  W.  One- 
half  mile  northwest  of  Greenville  siding  of  Vandalia  Railroad.  Worked 
by  W.  M.  Peterson  and  Sons,  Greenville,  Illinois.  Production  for  heavy 
gray  iron  work.  Pit  section  3  to  8  feet.  Sample  of  produced  grade 
taken  from  partially  loaded  cars.  Extent,  120,000  to  200,000  tons.  Forma- 
tion,  Illinoian  fluvio-glacial  sands  containing  weathered  bond. 

Sample  No.  171:  S.  1/2  SW.  1/4  sec.  2,  T.  5  N.,  R.  3  W.  One  and 
one-fourth  miles  north  of  Greenville  siding  of  Vandalia  Railroad. 
Worked  by  Ed.  E.  Squier  Company,  Federal  Reserve  Bank  Building, 
St.  Louis,  Missouri.  Production  for  heavy  gray  iron  work.  Sample 
from  several  channels  in  total  7-foot  pit  section.  Extent,  100,000  to 
300,000  tons.  Formation,  Illinoian  fluvio-glacial  sand  containing  weathered 
bond. 

Sample  No.  179:  Location  same  as  No.  166.  Sample  taken  from 
bin  of  Enterprise  Foundry  Company,  Belleville,  Illinois.  Used  for  heavy 
gray  iron  work. 

Boone  County 

Sample  No.  43:  Center  E.  1/2  sec.  26,  T.  45  N.,  R.  4  E.  Three  miles 
south  of  Capron  Station  of  Chicago  and  Northwestern  Railroad.  Un- 
worked  deposit.  Owner's  name  unknown.  Sample  from  several  channels 
m  total  3-foot  section  exposed  in  creek  bank.  Extent,  20,000  to  40,000 
tons.  Locality  favorable  for  similar  deposits.  Formation,  stream  terrace 
deposit.     Sand  contains  weathered  bond. 


14  MOLDING    SAND    RESOURCES    OF    ILLINOIS 

Bureau  County 

Sample  No.  113:  SW.  1/4  sec.  21,  T.  16  X.,  R.  8  E.  One  mile 
southeast  of  Wyanel  sidings  of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  and  Pacific  and 
ihe  Chicago,  Burlington  and  Quincy  railroads.  Worked  by  Golden  and 
Larson,  Wyanet,  Illinois.  Sample  from  several  channels  of  3-  to  4- foot 
pit  section.  Same  as  produced  grade.  Used  for  light  and  medium  gray 
iron  work.  Extent  of  deposit,  160,000  to  400,000  tons.  Formation,  wind 
blown  sand  containing  weathered  bond.  Mantled  by  1  1/2  feet  of  leached 
silty  clay,  a  part  of  which  is  added  to  increase  hond.  Produced  sand  a 
combination  of  weathered  bond  and  primary  bond  sand. 

Sample  No.  Ill:  NE.  1/4  NE.  1/4  sec.  32,  T.  16  N.,  R.  7  E.  One 
and  one-half  miles  northwest  of  Buda  siding  of  Chicago,  Burlington  and 
Quincy  Railroad  and  one-fourth  mile  west  of  Chicago  and  Northwestern 
Railroad.  Producing  pit  worked  by  Mr.  Lay,  Buda,  Illinois.  Sample 
taken  from  several  channels  of  3  1/2-foot  pit  section.  Similar  to  produced 
grade.  Sand  used  for  light  and  medium  gray  iron  work.  Extent,  40,000 
to  200,000  tons.  Formation,  wind  blown  sand  containing  weathered  bond. 
Capped  by  one-foot  layer  of  silty  clay.  Very  little  top  clay  added  to 
this  sample. 

Sample  No.  115:  Location  same  as  No.  114.  Sample  taken  from 
loaded  car.  A  heavier  grade  than  No.  114,  produced  from  same  weathered 
bond    sand   in   addition   to   the  silly  clay   capping. 

Sample  No.  116:  NW.  1/4  sec.  35,  T.  16  N.,  R.  7  E.  One  mile  east 
of  Buda  siding  of  Chicago,  Burlington  and  Quincy  Railroad.  Worked 
by  Jesse  Westervilt,  Buda,  Illinois.  Sample  of  produced  grade,  taken 
from  several  channels  in  3-foot  pit  section.  Used  for  medium  gray  iron 
work.  Extent,  60,000  to  90,000  tons.  Formation,  wind  blown  sand  con- 
taining weathered  bond.  Capped  by  one  foot  of  leached  silty  clay.  Prac- 
tically no  clay  added  to  sample.  Heavier  grades  may  be  produced  by 
addition  of  silty  clay. 

Sample  No.  117:  Location  same  as  No.  116.  Sample  taken  from 
single  hole  dug  into  upper  two  feet  of  3  1/2-foot  section  200  yards  from 
pit   face.     Similar  in  texture   to   No.   116. 

Cass  County 

Sample  No.  138:  Location  same  as  No.  143.  Sample  taken  from 
bin  of  Electric  Wheel  Company,  Quincy,  Illinois.  Used  for  medium 
gray  iron. 

Sample  No.  143:  Sec.  20,  T.  17  N.,  R.  11  W.  One-half  mile  to 
Arenzville  siding  of  Chicago,  Burlington  and  Quincy  Railroad.  Worked 
by  G.  Nicol  and  Son,  Collinsville,  Illinois.  Sample  from  several  channels 
in  coarsest   phase.     A  possible  grade.     Extent  of  entire  deposit  50,000  to 


MOLDING    SAND    RESOURCES    OF    ILLINOIS  15 

120,000  tons.  Formation,  wind  blown  sand  containing  weathered  bond. 
Mantles  lower  portion  of  slope  of  east  valley  wall  of  Illinois  River.  Some 
parts  of  section  contain  finer  and  coarser  material  interbedded  and  hence 
some  produced  sands  are  combinations  of  weathered  bond  and  primary 
bond  sands.  The  primarily  bonded  fine  sands  and  silts  which  occur  high 
on  the  slope  are  calcareous. 

Sample  No.  144:  Location  same  as  No.  143.  Sample  taken  from 
several  channels  of  finest  producible  sand  seen  in  this  pit.  Sold  for 
light  gray  iron  and  stove  plate. 

Sample  No.  145:  Location  same  as  No.  143.  A  different  pit  face 
with  a  5  1/2-foot  section.  Upper  4  feet  lime-free;  lower  1  1/2  feet  contain 
lime  concretions.  Whole  pit  face  worked  for  produced  grade.  Sample 
taken  from  several  channels  in  upper  4  feet  of  section. 

Sample  No.  146:  Location  same  as  No.  143.  Sample  from  lower 
1  1/2  feet  of  pit  section  noted  under  No.  145  is  very  calcareous  and  of 
no  value  for  molding  sand.  This  part  of  section  should  be  kept  out 
of  produced  grades. 

Sample  No.  147:  NE.  1/4  NW.  1/4  sec.  27,  T.  18  N.,  R.  11  W.  One- 
eighth  mile  east  of  Bluff  Springs  siding  of  Chicago,  Burlington  and 
Quincy  Railroad.  Unworked  deposit.  Owner's  name  not  known.  Sample 
taken  from  several  channels  in  2-  to  4-foot  section  exposed  in  roadcut. 
Extent  14,000  to  35,000  tons.  Origin  of  sand  same  as  deposit  listed  under 
No.  143.  Finer  textural  phases  shown.  Sample  is  mixture  of  some 
weathered  bond  sand  with  much  primary  bond  sand.  Such  a  mix  gives 
low  permeability. 

Sample  No.  177 :  Location  same  as  No.  143.  Sample  taken  from  bin 
of  Eagle  Foundry  Company,  Belleville,  Illinois.     Used   for  stove  plate. 

Clinton  County 

Sample  No.  197 :  No  data  on  location.  Sample  sent  in  by  Erne  H. 
Duckman,   Keyesport,   Illinois. 

Cook  County 

Sample  No.  10:  NE.  1/4  SW.  1/4  sec.  9,  T.  42  N.,  R.  9  E.  Five 
miles  southwest  of  Barrington.  Unworked  deposit.  Owner,  Henry  Louis. 
Sample  taken  from  several  channels  of  total  3-foot  section.  Overlain 
by  3  to  4  feet  of  sharp  sand.  Extent,  12,000  to  20,000  tons.  Locality 
favorable  for  similar  deposits.  Formation,  wind  blown  sand,  capping 
hilltop.     Contains  weathered  bond. 

Fayette  County 

Sample  No.  37:  Location  same  as  No.  164.  Sand  from  same  part 
of  deposit  as  No.  164.  Sample  taken  from  bins  of  National  Malleable 
Company,    Chicago,    Illinois.     Used    for   heavy  castings. 


16  MOLDING    SAND    RESOURCES    OF    ILLINOIS 

Sample  No.  161:  SW.  1/4  SW.  1/4  sec.  32,  T.  7  N.,  R.  1  E.  Adjacent 
to  siding  on  spur  of  Illinois  Central  Railroad.  Unworked  deposit.  State 
Prison  Farm,  Vandalia,  Illinois.  Sample  from  single  channel  of  total 
9-foot  section.  Extent,  50,000  to  200,000  tons.  Formation,  Illinoian  fluvio- 
glacial   sands  containing  weathered   bond. 

Sample  No.  162:  Location  same  as  No.  161.  Sample  from  several 
channels  in  upper  5  feet  of  total  9-foot  section. 

Sample  No.  163:  SW.  1/4  NW.  1/4  sec.  32,  T.  7  N.,  R.  1  E.  One- 
eighth  mile  from  siding  of  Illinois  Central  Railroad.  Worked  by  P.  and 
H.  McKinncy  Company,  Vandalia,  Illinois.  Sample  is  pit  run  from  15- 
foot  section.  Extent,  240,000  to  600,000  tons.  Sand  used  for  heavy  gray 
iron  work.  Formation,  Illinoian  fluvio-glacial  sands  containing  weathered 
bond. 

Sample  No.  164:  SE.  1/4  NE.  1/4  sec.  14,  T.  6  N.,  R.  1  E.  One- 
half  mile  southwest  of  Bluff  City  siding  of  Vandalia  Railroad.  Worked 
by  Eugene  Stultz,  Mulberry  Grove,  Illinois.  Produced  for  medium  gray 
iron  work.  Sample  from  several  channels  in  3-foot  section.  Extent, 
20,000  to  100,000  tons.  Formation,  wind  blown  sand  capping  east  valley 
wall    of    Kaskaskia    River.      Contains   weathered   bond. 

Sample  No.  165:  Location  same  as  No.  164.  Produced  for  heavy 
gray  iron  work.  Sample  taken  from  several  channels  in  lower  5  feet 
of  9-foot  section.  Upper  4  feet  extremely  heavy  sand.  Extent,  80,000 
to  380,000  tons.  Formation,  Illinoian  fluvio-glacial  sands  containing 
weathered  bond.  Exposed  in  bluff  at  lower  elevation  than  deposit  from 
which   No.   164  was  taken. 

Sample  No.  169:  SW.  1/4  NE.  1/4  sec.  32,  T.  6  N,  R.  1  W.  Two 
miles  east  of  Mulberry  Grove,  one-half  mile  east  of  siding  on  Vandalia 
Railroad.  Worked  by  Coarse  Red  Molding  Sand  Company,  Mulberry 
Grove,  Illinois.  Sample  of  produced  grade,  taken  from  partially  loaded 
cars.  Production  for  heavy  gray  iron  work.  Pit  section  7  to  10  feet. 
Extent,  52,000  to  100,000  tons.  Formation,  Illinoian  fluvio-glacial  sands 
containing  weathered  bond. 

Gallatin  County 

Sample  No.  190:  S.  1/2  sec.  21,  T.  9  S.,  R.  9  E.  One  mile  east  of 
Junction  sidings  of  Louisville  and  Nashville  and  Baltimore  and  Ohio 
railroads.  Unworked  deposit.  Owner's  name  unknown.  Sample  taken 
from  several  channels  in  upper  2  feet  of  total  6-foot  section,  exposed  in 
roadcut.  Extent  of  this  grade  40,000  to  200,000  tons.  Locality  favorable 
for  other  deposits.  Formation,  wind  blown  sands  mantling  west  slope 
of    Shawneetown   Hills.     Sands  contain  weathered   bond. 

Sample  No.  191:  Location  same  as  No.  190.  Sample  taken  from 
lower  4  feet  of  total  6-foot  section.  Directly  underlies  No.  190.  Extent 
of  this  grade  80,000  to  500,000  tons. 


molding  sand  resources  of  illinois  17 

Hancock  County 

Sample  No.  137:  W.  1/2  NE.  1/4  sec.  2,  T.  7  N.,  R.  7  W.  One- 
eighth  mile  east  of  Dallas  City  siding  of  Santa  Fe  Railroad.  Worked  by 
Purity  Molding  Sand  Company,  Dallas  City,  Illinois.  Sample  taken  from 
partially  loaded  car.  Grade  "No.  2."  Extent,  12,000  to  20,000  tons. 
Formation,  wind  blown  sands  and  silt  on  slope  of  east  valley  wall  of 
Mississippi   River. 

Sample  No.  149:  Same  location  as  No.  137.  Sample  taken  from 
bin  of  Brass  Foundry  Company,  711  S.- Adams  St.,  Peoria,  Illinois.  Used 
for  brass  work. 

Henderson  County 

Sample  Aro.  86:  Location  same  as  No.  133.  Sample  taken  from  bin 
of  Marseilles  Plant,  East  Moline,  Illinois.  Used  for  medium  gray  iron 
work. 

Sample  No.  101:  Location  same  as  No.  133.  Sample  taken  from  bin 
of  Frank  Foundries,  Moline,  Illinois.     Used  for  medium  gray  iron  work. 

Sample  No.  US:  NW.  1/4  NE.  1/4  sec.  15,  T.  10  N.,  R.  5  W.  One- 
fourth  mile  east  of  Gladstone  siding  of  Chicago,  Burlington  and  Quincy 
Railroad.  Worked  by  W.  H.  Graham.  Total  pit  section  16  feet.  Sample 
taken  from  lower  5  feet  of  section.  Slightly  calcareous.  Extent,  16,000 
to  50,000  tons.  Formation,  wind  blown  silt  capping  east  valley  wall  of 
Mississippi  River.     Contains  primarily  deposited  bond. 

Sample  No.  130:  W.  1/2  SE.  1/4  sec.  16,  T.  10  N.,  R.  5  W.  One 
mile  south  of  Gladstone  siding  of  Chicago,  Burlington  and  Quincy  Rail- 
road. Worked  by  J.  T.  Galbraith.  Sample  from  partially  loaded  car. 
Section  3  to  5  feet  worked.  Used  for  gray  iron  and  brass.  Extent, 
24,000  to  50,000  tons.  Formation,  slope  wash  deposited  at  base  of  east 
valley  wall  of  Mississippi  River. 

Sample  No.  131:  E.  1/2  sec.  11,  T.  10  N.,  R.  5  W.  On  siding  of 
spur  of  Chicago,  Burlington  and  Quincy  railroad.  Worked  by  Monmouth 
Stone  Company.  Sample  taken  from  several  channels  in  total  4-foot  pit 
section.  Extent,  5,000  to  15,000  tons.  Formation,  wind  blown  sands  and 
silts  on  hilltops  adjacent  to  Mississippi  Valley. 

Sample  No.  132:  NW.  1/4  SE.  1/4  sec.  20,  T.  10  N.,  R.  5  W.  Two 
miles  southwest  of  Gladstone  siding  of  Chicago,  Burlington  and  Quincy 
Railroad.  Unworked  deposit.  Owner's  name  unknown.  Sample  taken 
from  several  channels  in  2-  to  3-foot  section.  Extent,  3,000  to  8,000  tons. 
Locality  favorable  for  similar  deposits.  Formation,  wind  blown  sand  in 
dune  on  valley  flat  of  Mississippi  River.     Contains  weathered  bond. 

Sample  No.  133:  S.  1/2  NW.  1/4  sec.  31,  T.  8  N.,  R.  6  W.  Two 
and    one-half    miles    east   of    Dallas    City    siding   of    Santa    Fe    Railroad 


18  MOLDING    SAXI)    RESOURCES    OF    ILLINOIS 

Worked  by  Purity  Molding  Sand  Company,  Dallas  City,  Illinois.  Sample 
from  2  1/2-foot  pit  section  used  to  produce  grade  "No.  2  open."  Extent 
of  whole  deposit  30,000  to  80,000  tons.  Formation,  wind  blown  sands 
and  silts  on  slope  of  east  valley  wall  of  Mississippi  River.  Sample  is 
combination  cf  weathered  bond  and  primary  bond  sands  interbedded  in 
the  section. 

Sample  No.  134:  Location  same  as  No.  133.  Sample  taken  from 
2-foot  pit  section  used  to  produce  grade  "No.  1  open."  Formation,  sam< 
as  No.  133.     A  less  silty  section. 

Sample  No.  142:  Location  same  as  No.  131.  Sample  taken  from 
bin  of  Gem  City  Stove  Company,  Quincy,  Illinois.  Has  been  used  for 
stove  plate. 

Sample  No.  176:  Location  same  as  No.  133.  Sample  taken  from 
bin  of  Eagle  Foundry  Company,  Belleville,  Illinois.     Used  for  stove  plate. 

Hf.nry  County 

Sample  No.  76:  SW.  1/4  sec.  2,  T,  17  N.,  R.  1  E.  One-half  mile 
north  of  Colona  siding  of  Chicago,  Rock  Island  and  Pacific  Railroad. 
Worked  by  C.  E.  Oberlaender  and  Company.  Sample  taken  from  several 
channels  in  1-  to  3-foot  pit  section.  Coarser  phase.  Extent  of  deposit 
12,000  to  20,000  tons.  Formation,  wind  blown  sands  and  silts  capping 
top  of  valley  wall  of  Green  River.  Deposit  exceedingly  variable  in 
texture.  All  sands  produced  arc  combinations  of  weathered  and  primary 
bond  sands. 

Sample  No.  77:  Location  same  as  No.  76.  Sample  taken  from  single 
hole  dug  in  upper  2  1/2  feel  of  4-foot  section. 

Sample  No.  83:  Location  same  as  No.  76.  Sample  taken  from  bin 
of  John  Deere  Harvester  Works,  East  Moline,  Illinois.  Used  for  medium 
gray  iron  work. 

Sample  No.  88:  Location  same  as  No.  76.  Sample  taken  from  bin 
of  Union  Malleable  Company,  East  Moline,  Illinois.     Sold  as  "No.  5." 

Sample  No.  93:  SW.  1/4  SW.  1/4  sec.  11,  T.  17  N.,  R.  2  E.  One- 
half  mile  south  of  Colona.  Unworked  deposit.  Owner's  name  not  known. 
Total  4-foot  section;  1  foot  coarse  sharp,  1  foot  fine  heavy,  and  2  feet 
coarse  with  medium  bond.  Sample  40  per  cent  sharp  basal  sand  and 
(ill  per  cent  heavy  top  sand.  Total  extent  18,000  to  30.000  tons.  Formation, 
wind  blown  sand  on  valley  flat  of  Green  River.    Contains  weathered  bond. 

Sample  No.  94:  Same  location  as  No.  93.  Same  section.  Sample 
from  heavy  layer  only. 

Sample  No.  95:  Same  location  as  Xo.  93.  Same  section.  Sample 
from  several  channels  in  total  4-foot  section. 


MOLDING    SAND    RESOURCES    OF    ILLINOIS  19 

Sample  No.  99:  Location  same  as  No.  76.  Sample  taken  from  bin 
of  Moline  Plow  Company,  Moline,  Illinois.  Sold  as  "No.  6."  Used  for 
medium  gray  iron  work. 

Sample  No.  Ill:  N.  1/4  sec.  10,  T.  17  N.,  R.  2  E.  Three  miles 
east  of  Green  River  siding  of  Chicago,  Rock  Island  and  Pacific  Railroad. 
Adjacent  to  tracks  of  Chicago,  Rock  Island  and  Pacific  Railroad.  Un- 
worked  deposit.  Owner's  name  unknown.  Sample  taken  from  several 
channels  of  3-foot  section  exposed  in  roadcut.  Extent,  30,000  to  240,000 
tons.  Locality  favorable  for  similar  deposits.  Formation,  low  terrace 
deposit  in  valley  of  Green  River.  A  waterlaid  sand  containing  primarily 
deposited   sand. 

Sample  No.  112:  SE.  1/4  SW.  1/4  sec.  7,  T.  17  N.,  R.  2  E.  Three- 
fourths  of  a  mile  southeast  of  Green  River  siding  of  Chicago,  Rock 
Island  and  Pacific  Railroad.  Abandoned  pit.  Mr.  H.  Stevens,  owner. 
Sample  taken  from  several  channels  in  total  2-  to  4-foot  section.  Extent, 
40,000  to  100,000  tons.  Formation,  wind  blown  sand  on  upper  terrace 
of  Green  River.     Contains  weathered  bond. 

Jackson  County 

Sample  No.  182:  SW.  1/4  NE.  1/4  sec.  16,  T.  9  S.,  R.  3  W.  Adjacent 
to  Sand  Ridge  siding  of  Illinois  Central  Railroad.  Unworked  deposit. 
Owner's  name  unknown.  Sample  from  total  6-foot  section.  Extent, 
60,000  to  480,000  tons.  Formation,  terrace  sand  on  terrace  between  Big 
Muddy  and  Mississippi  rivers.  Contains  weathered  bond  but  also  has 
some  layers  containing  primary  bond.  Appears  remarkably  uniform  for 
such  a  large  waterlaid  deposit. 

Jo  Daviess  County 

Sample  No.  61:  SW.  1/4  NW.  1/4  sec.  9,  T.  27  N.,  R.  1  E.  One- 
eighth  mile  west  of  Aiken  siding  of  Chicago,  Great  Western  Railroad. 
Worked  by  Frank  Einsweilcr  and  Sons,  Galena,  Illinois.  Sample  taken 
from  several  channels  in  total  3-foot  pit  section  of  finer  phase.  Extent 
of  deposit  24,000  to  40,000  tons.  Formation,  terrace  sands  of  Mississippi 
River. 

Sample  ATo.  62:  Location  same  as  No.  61.  Sample  taken  from 
several  channels  in  total  2-foot  pit  section  of  coarser  phase. 

Sample  No.  63:  NW.  1/4  NW.  1/4  sec.  22,  T.  27  N.,  R.  1  E.  One 
mile  southwest  of  Rice  Station  of  Chicago  Great  Western  Railroad. 
Unworked  deposit.  Owner's  name  unknown.  Sample  from  single  chan- 
nel in  12-foot  section.  Extent,  200,000  to  1,000,000  tons.  Formation,  wind 
blown,  calcareous  silt  or  loess  capping  hilltops.  Contains  primarily 
deposited  bond. 


20  molding   sam)   resources  of  illinois 

Kane  County 

Sample  No.  2:  SE.  1/4  NW.  1/4  sec.  1,  T.  40  N.,  R.  8  E.  Adjacent 
to  spur  of  Chicago  and  Northwestern  Railroad.  Worked  by  G.  J.  Van 
Wicklin.  Sample  taken  from  partially  loaded  car.  Pit  section  3  to  5  feet. 
Extent,  40,000  to  80,000  tons.  Formation,  wind  blown  sands  which  mantle 
slope  of  east  valley  wall  of  Fox  River. 

Sample  No.  5:  NE.  1/4  SW.  1/4  sec.  3,  T.  38  N.,  R.  8  E.  One- 
fourth  mile  to  North  Aurora  siding  of  Chicago  and  Northwestern  Rail- 
road. Worked  by  Peter  Hettinger,  North  Aurora.  Sample  taken  from 
several  channels  in  total  4 1/2-foot  pit  section.  Extent,  5,000  to  20,000 
tons.  Formation,  wind  blown  sand  on  slope  of  east  valley  wall  of  Fox 
River. 

Sample  No.  6:  NE.  1/4  SE.  1/4  sec.  33,  T.  39  N„  R.  8  E.  One- 
third  mile  north  of  Sperry  Company  foundry,  North  Aurora.  Worked 
by  Sperry  Company  for  foundry  use.  Medium  gray  iron  work.  Sample 
taken  from  foundry  bin.  Pit  section  2  to  3  feet.  Extent,  5,000  to  10,000 
tons.     Formation,  wind  blown  sand  on  terrace  of  Fox  River. 

Sample  No.  7:  SW.  1/4  NE.  1/4  sec.  16,  T.  42  N.,  R.  8  E.  One 
mile  west  of  Carpcntersville  siding  of  Chicago  and  Northwestern  Rail- 
road. Worked  by  Frank  Vogel.  Sample  taken  from  partially  loaded  car. 
One-  to  four-foot  pit  section.  Extent,  8,000  to  30,000  tons.  Formation, 
wind  blown  sands  and  silts  capping  hilltop  near  crest  of  moraine. 

Sample  No.  8:  SW.  1/4  NE.  1/4  sec.  15,  T.  42  N.,  R.  8  E.  Three- 
quarters  mile  north  of  Carpentersville  siding  of  Chicago  and  Northwestern 
Railroad.  Worked  by  Frank  Vogel.  Sample  taken  from  several  channels 
in  several  small  openings.  Pit  sections  1  to  4  feet.  Extent,  15,000  to 
40,000  tons.  Formation,  wind  blown  sand  mantling  slope  of  valley  tribu- 
tary to  Fox  River  valley. 

Sample  No.  38:  Location  same  as  No.  2.  Sample  taken  from  bin 
of  International  Harvester  Company,  Chicago,  Illinois.  Used  for  medium 
gray  iron   work. 

Kendall  County 

Sample  No.  19:  NW.  1/4  NE.  1/4  sec.  34,  T.  37  N.,  R.  6  E.  One 
and  one-fourth  miles  south  of  Piano  siding  of  Chicago,  Burlington  and 
Quincy  Railroad.  Unworked  deposit.  Owner's  name  unknown.  Sample 
from  several  channels  in  2-  to  3-foot  sections  exposed  in  hillside.  Bond 
variable.  Extent,  2,000  to  20,000  tons.  Locality  favorable  for  similar 
deposits.     Formation,  wind  blown  sand  on  slopes  and  ridges. 

La  Salle  County 

Sample  No.  126:  SW.  1/4  NW.  1/4  sec.  14,  T.  33  N.,  R.  2  E.  On 
spur  of  Chicago,  Rock  Island  and  Pacific  Railroad.    Silica  sand  pit  worked 


MOLDING    SAM)    RESOURCES    OF    ILLINOIS  21 

by  Higbee  Canyon  Sand  Company,  Ottawa,  Illinois.  Sample  from  iron- 
stained  cap  rock.  Ordinarily  sold  as  steel  sand.  Bond  and  permeability 
tested  wet  only.     Formation,  St.  Peter  sandstone. 

Lawrence  County 

Sample  No.  195:  NW.  1/4  SW.  1/4  sec.  3,  T.  3  N.,  R.  11  W.  One 
and  one-fourth  miles  east  of  Lawrenceville  siding  of  Baltimore  and  Ohio 
Railroad.  Deposit  adjacent  to  Baltimore  and  Ohio  right-of-way.  Un- 
worked  deposit.  Owner's  name  unknown.  Sample  taken  from  several 
channels  in  total  3-foot  section.  Extent,  30,000  to  120,000  tons.  Locality 
favorable  for  similar  deposits.  Formation,  wind  blown  sands  on  terrace 
of  Wabash  River.     Contains  weathered  bond  only. 

Madison  County 

Sample  No.  172:  NW.  1/4  SE.  1/4  sec.  29,  T.  3  N.,  R.  8  W.  One 
mile  north  of  siding.  Worked  by  Commercial  Foundry  Sand  Company, 
Collinsville,  Illinois.  Production  for  light  gray  iron,  brass  and  aluminum 
work.  Sample  taken  from  several  channels  in  2-foot  lime-free  portion 
of  4-foot  pit  section.  Sample  not  a  grade  as  produced  but  is  grade 
which  could  be  produced  in  limited  quantity.  Deposit  variable  in  texture 
both  vertically  and  horizontally.  Extent  of  any  one  grade  impossible  to 
estimate.  Sand  of  all  types  20,000  to  60,000  tons.  Formation,  wind 
blown  sands  and  silts  on  slope  of  east  valley  wall  of  Mississippi  River. 
Interbedded  textures  make  any  sand  produced  a  combination  of  weathered 
bond  sand  and  a  primarily  deposited  bond  sand. 

Sample  No.  173:  Location  same  as  No.  172.  Sample  from  several 
channels  in  2-foot  section  of  calcareous  sand  directly  overlying  the  sec- 
tion represented  by  No.  172.  Sample  not  a  produced  grade.  Total  4- foot 
section   is   worked   for  a   produced   grade.      Formation,   same  as   No.    172. 

Sample  No.  175:  Location  same  as  No.  172.  Coarsest  grade  pro- 
duced. Sample  taken  from  several  channels  of  3-foot  lime-free  pit  sec- 
tion. Not  more  than  2,000  tons  of  this  grade  available.  Formation, 
same  as  No.  172. 

Marshall  County 

Sample  No.  127:  SW.  1/4  NE.  1/4  sec.  4,  T.  30  N.,  R.  2  W.  Two 
miles  east  of  Henry  siding  of  Chicago,  Rock  Island  and  Pacific  Railroad. 
Unworked  deposit.  Owned  by  Peter  Hank.  Sample  from  single  dug 
hole  in  upper  2  1/2  feet  of  total  10-foot  section.  Lower  part  of  section 
uniform  with  sample.  Extent,  3,000  to  5,000  tons.  Locality  favorable 
for  similar  deposits.  Formation,  terrace  remnant  on  east  side  of  Illinois 
valley. 


22  molding   sam)    resources   of    illinois 

McHi.nry  County 

Sample  No.  9:  NE.  1/4  XW.  1/4  sec.  34,  T.  43  X.,  K.  8  E.  Adjacent 
to  siding  of  Chicago  and  Northwestern  Railroad.  Worked  by  Garden 
City  Sand  Company,  Chicago,  Illinois.  Sample  taken  from  partially 
loaded  car.  Total  pit  section  4  feet.  Extent,  50,000  to  100,000  tons. 
Formation,  wind  blown  sand  on  Fox  River  terrace. 

Sample  No.  21:  SW.  1/4  SE.  1/4  sec.  16,  T.  43  X.,  R.  8  E.  Adjacent 
to  spur  of  Chicago  and  Northwestern  Railroad.  Unworked  as  molding 
sand  deposit.  Sand  is  overburden  on  gravel  in  pit  of  Consumer's  Gravel 
Company,  Chicago,  Illinois.  Sample  taken  from  several  channels  in  2-  to 
3-foot  section  of  finest  phase.  Extent,  80,000  to  200,000  tons.  Formation, 
wind  blown  sand  on  gravel  outwash  plain. 

Sample  No.  22:  Location  same  as  Xo.  21.  Sample  taken  from 
several  channels  in  3-  to  6-foot  section  of  coarsest  phase. 

Ogle  County 

Sample  No.  54:  S.  1/2  SE.  1/4  sec.  5,  T.  25  X.,  R.  11  E.  One  mile 
southwest  of  Byron  siding  of  Chicago  Great  Western  Railroad.  Un- 
worked deposit.  Owner's  name  unknown.  Sample  taken  from  2-foot 
section  exposed  in  roadcut.  Lacking  in  bond.  Surface  clay  directly 
overlying  might  be  added  to  increase  bond  strength.  Extent,  5,000  to 
30,000  tons.  Locality  favorable  for  similar  deposits.  Formation,  wind 
blown  sands  capping  east  valley  wall  of  Rock  River.  Contains  some 
weathered  bond. 

Sample  No.  55:  W.  1/2  SW.  1/4  sec.  7,  T.  23  X.,  R.  11  E.  One- 
eighth  mile  east  of  Honey  Creek  siding  of  Chicago,  Burlington  and 
Quincy  Railroad.  Unworked  deposit.  Owner's  name  not  known.  Sample 
from  single  dug  hole  in  total  3-foot  section.  Extent,  60,000  to  120,000 
tons.  Locality  favorable  for  other  deposits.  Formation,  terrace  sands 
on  broad  terrace  of  Kyte  River.  Wind  blown  sands  containing  weathered 
bond,  mantle  hill  slopes  to  northeast. 

Sample  No.  57:  W.  center  W.  1/2  sec.  31,  T.  23  X.,  R.  8  E.  Adjacent 
to  paved  road  five  miles  south  of  Oregon  siding  of  Chicago,  Burlington 
and  Quincy  Railroad.  LJnworkcd  deposit.  Owner's  name  unknown 
Sample  from  several  channels  in  total  2-  to  3-foot  section  exposed  in 
roadcut.  Extent,  10,000  to  60,000  tons.  Formation,  wind  blown  sand 
on  terrace  remnant  of  Rock  River.  Sand  is  derived  from  St.  Peter 
sandstone  and   contains   weathered   bond. 

Peoria  County 

Sample  No.  150:  XW.  1/4  SE.  1/4  sec.  21,  T.  9  X.,  R.  7  E.  Two 
and    one-half    miles    east    of    Edwards    siding    of    Chicago,    Burlington    & 


MOLDING    SAND    RESOURCES    OF    ILLINOIS  23 

Quincy  Railroad.  One-eighth  mile  from  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy 
Railroad  right-of-way.  Unworked  deposit.  Owner's  name  not  known. 
Sample  is  from  upper  3  feet  of  10-foot  section  of  uniform  texture  which 
is  lower  part  of  25-foot  section  exposed  on  west  valley  wall  of  Kickapoo 
Creek.  The  stratum  from  which  the  sample  was  taken  could  not  be 
worked  alone  because  of  the  overburden  15  to  20  feet  thick.  Extent  of 
total  deposit  100,000  to  200,000  tons.  Formation,  fluvio-glacial  sands  and 
silts   deposited   in   still   water. 

Sample  No.  152:  Location  same  as  No.  150.  Sample  from  calcareous 
upper  3  feet  of  10-foot  section  of  uniform  texture.  This  stratum  over- 
lies that  represented  by  No.  150  and  is  separated  from  it  by  5  feet  of  very 
calcareous  silt.  An  overburden  at  least  5  feet  thick  covers  the  entire 
section  and  increases  to  a  maximum  of  20  feet  back  from  the  section. 
Extent  of  deposit  estimated  on  basis  of  quantity  available  with  5-foot 
overburden. 

Sample  No.  153:  NW.  1/4  SW.  1/4  sec.  27,  T.  9  N.,  R.  7  E.  Two 
miles  west  of  Pottstown  siding  of  Chicago,  Burlington  and  Quincy  Rail- 
road. Unworked  deposit.  Owner's  name  unknown.  Sample  from  sev- 
eral channels  in  upper  4  feet  of  15-foot  section  of  uniform  texture. 
Overburden  from  3  to  8  feet.  Sample  slightly  calcareous,  some  parts  of 
section  very  calcareous.  Extent,  60,000  to  200,000  tons.  Formation, 
fluvio-glacial  sands  underlying  high  terrace  level  of  Kickapoo  Creek. 

Sample  No.  154:  SW.  1/4  NW.  1/4  sec.  17,  T.  8  N,  R.  8  E.  In 
south  part  of  city  of  Peoria.  Worked  by  William  Worm.  Sample  taken 
from  several  channels  in  total  pit  section.  Used  for  heavy  gray  iron. 
Extent,  5,000  tons.  Formation,  wind  blown  sand  in  low  dunes  on  sur- 
face of  terrace  of  Illinois  River.  Occasional  dunes  are  present  on  terrace 
from  Henry  to  Peoria.     Contains  weathered  bond. 

Pope  County 

Sample  No.  184:  NW.  1/4  SE.  1/4  sec.  2,  T.  14  S.,  R.  5  E.  One 
mile  south  of  Brownfield  siding  of  Illinois  Central  Railroad.  Unworked 
deposit.  Owner's  name  unknown.  Sample  from  uppermost  foot  of  3-foot 
section.  Extent  of  deposit  of  fine  sands  and  silts  180,000  to  1,200,000  tons. 
Considerable  variability  in  clay  and  silt  content  from  place  to  place. 
Formation,  waterlaid  fine  sands  and  silts  in  abandoned  river  channel. 

Sample  No.  185:  Location  same  as  No.  184.  Sample  taken  from 
lower  2   feet   of   3-foot   section. 

Sample  No.  186:  Location  same  as  No.  184.  Sample  from  total 
3-foot  section  in  addition  to  six-inch  surface  layer,  which  contains  little 
or  no  humus. 

Sample  No.  187:  NW.  1/4  NE.  1/4  sec.  15,  T.  14  S.,  R.  6  E.  Two 
and  one-half  miles  south  of  Homberg  siding  of  Illinois  Central  Railroad. 


24  MOLDING    SAM)    RESOURCES    OF    ILLINOIS 

Unworked  deposit.  Owner's  name  unknown.  Sample  from  several  chan- 
nels in  total  3-  to  4-foot  section.  Extent,  5,000  tons.  Locality  favorable 
for  similar  deposits.  Formation,  low  terrace  deposits  of  abandoned  river 
channel. 

Sample  No.  188:  NW.  1/4  SE.  1/4  sec.  4,  T.  14  S.,  R.  6  E.  Adjacent 
to  Homberg  siding  of  Illinois  Central  Railroad.  Unworked  deposit.  On 
right-of-way  of  Illinois  Central  Railroad.  Sample  from  several  chan- 
nels in  total  2-foot  section.  Extent,  5,000  tons.  Locality  favorable  for 
similar  deposits.  Formation,  wind  blown  sand  in  dunes  on  highest  terrace 
of  abandoned  river  channel. 

Sample  No.  189:  NE.  1/4  NW.  1/4  sec.  2,  T.  13  S.,  R.  5  E.  Two 
and  one-half  miles  south  of  Brownficld  siding  of  Illinois  Central  Railroad. 
Part  of  deposit  mentioned  under  No.  184.  Sample  from  single  dug  hole 
in  3-foot  total  section.     Surface  silt  not  included. 

Pulaski  County 

Sample  No.  183:  NW.  1/4  NE.  1/4  sec.  22,  T.  15  S.,  R.  1  W.  One- 
half  mile  south  of  Pulaski.  Sample  contains  only  iron  oxide  bond.  From 
deposit  of  no   commercial   value.      Formation,   Tertiary  sands. 

Randolph  County 

Sample  No.  181:  SW.  1/4  NE.  1/4  sec.  28,  T.  7  S.,  R.  6  W.  Adjacent 
to  Clores  siding  of  Wabash,  Chester  and  Western  Railroad.  Abandoned 
pit.  Owner's  name  not  known.  Sample  taken  from  upper  3  feet  of  7-foot 
section.  Extent,  20,000  to  50,000  tons.  Formation,  interbedded  sands 
and  silts  on  terrace  of  St.  Mary's  River.  "Vegetable"  or  reduced  clay 
bond. 

Rock  Island  County 

Sample  No.  78:  W.  1/2  sec.  3,  T.  17  N„  R.  2  W.  Deposit  adjacent  to 
siding  of  Chicago,  Rock  Island  and  Pacific  Railroad.  Worked  by  Rock 
Island  Molding  Sand  Company,  Rock  Island.  Sample  taken  from  2yi- 
foot  pit  section.  Extent  of  deposit  120,000  to  600,000  tons.  Formation, 
alluvium.  Has  "vegetable"  or  reduced  clay  bond.  Deposit  subject  to 
the  textural  variations  normal  to  deposits  containing  primarily  deposited 
bond. 

Sample  No.  79:  Location  same  as  No.  78.  Sample  from  dug  hole  in 
2-foot  section. 

Sample  No.  84:  Location  same  as  No.  102.  Sample  taken  from  bin 
of  John  Deere  Harvester  Works,  East  Moline.  Used  for  light  castings 
and  as  core  filler. 

Sample  No.  85:  Exact  locality  unknown.  Reported  to  come  from 
small  island  in  Mississippi  River.  Was  used  locally  at  one  time.  Locally 
called  "Mud  Island"  sand.     Sample  taken  from  remnant  in  bins  of  John 


MOLDING    SAXD    RESOURCES    OF    ILLINOIS  25 

Deere  Harvester  Works,  East  Moline.  Formation,  apparently  alluvium. 
Has  "vegetable"  or  reduced  clay  bond.     Bond  primarily  deposited. 

Sample  No.  102:  NE.  1/4  NW.  1/4  sec.  14,  T.  17  N.,  R.  2  W.  One- 
eighth  mile  from  siding  of  Chicago,  Rock  Island  and  Pacific  Railroad. 
Worked  by  T.  B.  and  S.  S.  Davis.  Total  section  15  to  20  feet.  Sample 
taken  from  bin  of  Frank  Foundries,  Moline.  Used  for  small  castings 
and  for  core  filler.  Extent  of  deposit,  5,000  to  15,000  tons.  Formation, 
wind  blown  silts  on  slope  of  north  valley  wall  of  Rock  River.  Bond 
primarily  deposited.     Calcareous   except  at  base  of   section. 

Sample  No.  105:   SW.  1/4  NW.  1/4  sec.  34,  T.  18  N,  R.  2  W.    On 

the  property  of  and  adjacent  to  Blake  Foundries  Specialty  Company, 
Rock  Island.  Sample  taken  from  lower  3  feet  of  total  7-foot  section. 
Used  for  light  and  medium  castings.  Formation,  alluvium.  Contains 
"vegetable"  or  reduced  clay  bond. 

Sample  No.  106:  NW.  1/4  SW.  1/4  sec.  29,  T.  18  N.,  R.  1  E.  Adjacent 
to  siding  of  Chicago,  Rock  Island  and  Pacific  Railroad.  Worked  by  Rock 
Island  Molding  Sand  Company.  Sample  from  several  channels  in  total 
2-foot  section.  Extent,  10,000  to  60,000  tons.  Formation,  sands  in  ter- 
race remnant  of  old  channel. 

Sample  No.  110:  SE.  1/4  SW.  1/4  sec.  22,  T.  17  N.,  R.  2  W.  One 
and  one-fourth  miles  west  of  Milan.  Adjacent  to  Chicago,  Rock  Island  and 
Pacific  Railroad  right-of-way.  Unworked  deposit.  Owner's  name  un- 
known. Sample  from  single  dug  hole  in  3-foot  section.  Extent,  9,000 
to  20,000  tons.  Locality  favorable  for  similar  deposits.  Formation,  fine 
sands  and  silts  on  broad  terrace  of  Rock  River. 

Sangamon  County 

Sample  No.  156:  SW.  1/4  NE.  1/4  sec.  4,  T.  17  N,  R.  4  W.  One- 
fourth  mile  northwest  of  Spaulding  siding  of  Illinois  Central  Railroad. 
Unworked  deposit.  Owner's  name  unknown.  Sample  from  several  chan- 
nels in  2-  to  3-foot  section,  exposed  in  roadcut.  Extent,  10,000  to  15,000 
tons.  Formation,  wind  blown  sand  capping  east  valley  wall  of  Sangamon 
River.     Contains  weathered  bond. 

St.  Clair  County 

Sample  No.  180:  NE.  1/4  SE.  1/4  sec.  7,  T.  2  N.,  R.  8  W.  One- 
eighth  mile  from  Caseyville  siding  of  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad.  Owned 
and  worked  by  O.  J.  Long,  Caseyville.  Sample  from  calcareous  lower 
6  feet  of  18-foot  section.  Extent,  10,000  tons.  Formation,  wind  blown 
silt  or  loess  on  slope  of  east  valley  wall  of  the  Mississippi. 

Shelby  County 

Sample  No.  196:  T.  10  N.,  R.  4  W.  Two  and  one-half  miles  north- 
west of  Fancher.    One-half  mile  east  of  Kaskaskia  River.     Forest  Howe, 


26  MOLDING    SAM)    RESOURCES    OF    tLLINOIS 

owner.     Sample   from  dug  hole  in  2'/>-foot  section.     Extent,   12,000  tons. 
Formation,  wind  blown  sand  capping  hilltop.     Contains  weathered  bond. 

Tazewell  County 

Sample.  No.  155:  XE.  1/4  SW.  1/4  sec.  13,  T.  25  X.,  R.  5  W.  Three 
miles  north  of  I'ekin.  One-fourth  mile  east  of  Chicago,  Peoria  and  St. 
Louis  Railroad  right-of-way.  Unworked  deposit.  Owner's  name  un- 
known. Sample  from  several  channels  in  2-  to  4-foot  section  exposed 
in  roadcut.  Extent,  200,000  to  500,000  tons.  Locality  very  favorable  for 
similar  deposits.  Formation,  wind  blown  sand  on  terrace  of  Illinois  River. 
Contains  weathered  bond. 

White  County 

Sample  No.  192:  SE.  1/4  S\Y.  1/4  sec.  8,  T.  5  S.,  R.  10  E.  One  and 
one-half  miles  east  of  Carmi  siding  of  Big  Four  Railroad.  Unworked 
deposit.  Owner's  name  unknown.  Sample  from  total  3^2-foot  section ; 
\y2  feet  very  heavy,  2  feet  open.  Extent,  42,000  tons.  Several  deposits 
in  locality.  Formation,  wind  blown  sand  in  dunes  on  terrace  of  Wabash 
River.     Contains  weathered  bond. 

Sample  No.  193:  NW.  1/4  SE.  1/4  sec.  11,  T.  5  S.,  R.  10  E.  Three 
and  one-half  miles  southeast  of  Simpson  siding  of  Big  Four  Railroad. 
Sample  of  several  channels  in  total  3j<2-foot  section.  Extent,  40,000  to 
100,000  tons.  Locality  favorable  for  similar  deposits.  Formation  same 
as  No.  192. 

Sample  No.  194:  S.  1/2  sec.  29,  T.  3  S.,  R.  11  E.  One  and  one-fourth 
miles  south  of  Grayville  siding.  Unworked  deposit.  Owner's  name  un- 
known. Sample  from  several  channels  in  2-  to  4-foot  section.  Extent, 
20,000  to  240,000  tons.  Locality  favorable  for  similar  deposits.  Forma- 
tion, wind  blown  sand  on  terrace  of  Wabash  River. 

Whiteside  County 

Sample  No.  65:  SW.  1/4  NW.  1/4  sec.  25,  T.  21  N.,  R.  5  E.  One- 
eighth  mile  west  of  Round  Grove  siding  of  Chicago  and  Northwestern 
Railroad.  Owner,  Clare  Knox.  Lessee,  Garden  City  Sand  Company.  Sam- 
ple from  upper  5  feet  of  total  10-foot  pit  section,  calcareous.  Extent,  24,000 
to  50,000  tons.     Formation,  wind  blown  silt  or  loess  capping  ridge. 

Sample  No.  66:  Location  same  as  No.  65.  Sample  from  calcareous 
lower  5   feet  of  total   10-foot  pit  section. 

Sample  No.  68:  NE.  1/4  XW.  1/4  sec.  32,  T.  21  N.,  R  4  E.  Three 
miles  north  of  Fenton  siding.  Deposit  adjacent  to  Chicago,  Burlington  and 
Quincy  right-of-way.  Unworked  deposit.  Owner,  Harry  Hanzinga,  Fen- 
ton. Sample  from  several  channels  in  2-foot  section  exposed  in  roadcut. 
Extent,  48,000  to  80,000  tons.  Formation,  wind  blown  sand  on  southeast 
valley  wall  of  abandoned  channel.  , 


MOLDING    SAND    RESOURCES    OF    ILLINOIS  27 

Sample  No.  69:  Location  same  as  No.  68.  Sample  from  several  sec- 
tions at  higher  level. 

Will  County 

Sample  No.  11:  S.  1/2  sec.  18,  T.  32  N.,  R.  10  E.  One-fourth  mile 
from  siding  of  Wabash  Railroad.  Worked  by  Larson  and  Larson.  Sam- 
ple taken  from  partially  loaded  car.  Pit  section  2  to  4  feet.  Extent,  40,000 
tons.     Formation,  sand  terrace  of  Kankakee  River.    Weathered  bond. 

Sample  No.  12:  S.  1/2  sec.  IS,  T.  32  N.,  R.  10  E.  One-eighth  mile 
west  of  Wabash  Railroad  siding.  Worked  by  Riverside  Sand  Company, 
Custer  Park,  Illinois.  Sample  taken  from  partially  loaded  car.  From 
3-foot  pit  section.  Extent,  20,000  to  60,000  tons.  Formation,  wind  blown 
sand  on  terrace  of  Kankakee  River. 

Sample  No.  13:  Location  same  as  No.  12.  Sample  from  several  dug 
holes  in  2-foot  section.     Formation  same  as  No.  12. 

Sample  ATo.  15:  Location  same  as  No.  12.  Sample  taken  from  dug 
hole  in  upper  2  feet  of  4-  to  6-foot  section  underlying  pit  sections  men- 
tioned under  Nos.  12  and  13.  Extent,  10,000  to  15,000  tons.  Formation, 
terrace  sands  of  Kankakee  River.     Contain  weathered  bond. 

Sample  No.  39:  E.  1/2  sec.  12,  T.  33  N.,  R.  9  E.  One-eighth  mile 
east  of  siding  of  Chicago  and  Alton  Railroad.  Worked  by  Rockton  Mold- 
ing Sand  Co.,  Rockton,  Illinois.  Sample  taken  from  several  channels  in 
2l/2-ioot  section  exposed  in  roadcut.  Extent,  32,000  to  120,000  tons. 
Formation,  wind  blown  sand  mantling  slope  at  east  edge  of  wide  flat. 
Weathered  bond. 

Sample  No.  40:  Location  same  as  No.  39.  Sample  taken  from  sev- 
eral channels  in  2-foot  section  of  second  roadcut. 

Winnebago  County 

Sample  No.  46:  NE.  1/4  sec.  25,  T.  46  N.,  R.  1.  E.  One  mile  south 
of  Chicago,  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul  Railroad  siding.  Worked  by  Rockton 
Molding  Sand  Company,  Rockton,  Illinois.  Sample  taken  from  2-foot  pit 
section.  Extent  of  whole  deposit  50,000  to  300,000  tons.  Formation, 
wind  blown  sands  on  slope  and  capping  valley  wall  of  Rock  River. 

Sample  No.  47:  Location  same  as  No.  46.  Sample  taken  from  dug 
hole  in  upper  3  feet  of  5-foot  section.     From  upper  slopes. 

Sample  No.  48:  Location  same  as  No.  46.  Sample  from  2-foot  pit 
section  in  abandoned  opening. 

Sample  No.  49:  Location  same  as  No.  46.  Sample  dug  from  3-foot 
pit  section  by  machine.  This  material  is  mechanically  mixed  with  No.  46 
to  form  one  produced  grade. 

Sample  No.  50:  S.  1/2  sec.  24,  T.  46  N.,  R.  1  E.  Worked  by  Rock- 
ton Molding  Sand  Company,  Rockton,  Illinois.  Sample  from  lower  6 
feet  of  8-foot  pit  section.  Calcareous.  Extent,  5,000  tons.  Formation, 
wind  blown  silt  or  loess  on  slope  of  south  valley  wall  of  Rock  River. 


28  MOLDING    SAM)    RESOURCES    OF    ILLINOIS 

FOREIGN  MOLDING  SANDS  USED  IN  ILLINOIS 

Albany,  New  York,  No.  1 

Sample  No.  180:  Decatur  Malleable  Iron  Company,  Decatur,  Illinois. 
Used  for  bond  renewal  and  for  small  castings. 

Albany,  New  York 

Sample  No.  103:   Rock  Island  Stove  Company,  Rock  Island,  Illinois 
Used  for  stove  plate. 

Sample  No.  104:   Rock  Island  Stove  Company,  Rock  Island,  Illinois. 
Used  for  stove  plate. 

Bauman,  Indiana 

Sample  No.  25:   Houghland  and  Hardy,  Evansvillc,  Indiana.    Sample 
from  Greenlee  Brothers,  Chicago,  Illinois. 

Sample  No.  30:  Houghland  and  Hardy,  Evansville,  Indiana.    Western 
Foundry  Company,  Chicago.     Light  brass  and  aluminum  casting. 

Beloit,  Wisconsin 

Sample  No.  24:  Greenlee  Brothers,  Chicago.    Used  for  heavy  castings. 

Beloit,  Wisconsin,  "Northwestern" 

Sample  No.  35:   Crane  Company,  Chicago.     Used   for  medium  heavy 
castings. 

Conneaut,  Ohio,  "Nash"' 

Sample    No.    27:    Western    Foundry    Company,    Chicago.      Used    for 
slightly  heavier  work  than   No.  30. 

Bauman,  Indiana,  and  Conneaut,  Ohio 

Sample  No.  28:    Half  and   half  mix  made   for  some   types  of  work. 
Western    Foundry    Company,    Chicago. 

Conneaut,  Ohio 

Sample  No.   91:    Tri-City   Malleable  Company,   Moline,  Illinois.    Not 
suitable  for  malleable  work. 

Newport,  Kentucky,  "Dyeton" 

Sample  No.  34:  Crane  Company,  Chicago.    Used  for  light  work. 

Newcastle,  Indiana,  "Bradford" 

Sample  No.  33:  Crane  Company,  Chicago.     Used  for  medium  weight 
castings. 


MOLDING    SAND    RESOURCES    OF    ILLINOIS  29 

Sample  No.  36:    National  Malleable  and  Sleel  Casting  Company,  Chi- 
cago.    Used  for  very  heavy  work. 

Ridgeway,  Pennsylvania 

Sample  No.   198:    American   Refractories   Company.     Synthetic   sand 
with  fire  clay  bond.     Sample  sent  in. 

Zanesyille,  Ohio 

Sample   No.   29:    Western   Foundry   Company.    Used    for   heavy   cast- 
ings and   for  opener  with  close   sands. 

Sample    No.    32:    Western    Foundry    Company,    Chicago.     Used    for 
medium  work. 


30 


MOLDING    SAND    RESOURCES    OF    ILLINOIS 
Table  I.     Results  of  tests  on  Illinois  molding  sands' 


County2 

Grade  if 
Used 

Screen  Analysis 

a 

0    - 

3  > 

A 

"0  F 

o  Z 
-I. 

-. 

S 

3 

= 

o  u 

->  F 

111 

!»    0  _ 

6 

53 

■a 

CO 

c 
O 

e 

O 

o 

c 
O 

o 

e 
O 

o 

e 
O 

o 
o 

c 

o 

o 

c: 
O 

o 
o 

c 
0 

o 

CI 

c 
O 

3 
0 

JZ  — 

"3 
o 

- 
- 

i»« 

Adams 

Produced  . 
(■Calcium 
carbonate 
present ) . 

.6    2.6 

1.6 

1.2 

2.7 

2.4 

75.3 

13.0 

99.4 

il 

231.6 
238.3 
254.9 

3.7 
3  8 
3.6 

li  3 

1 

52 

Bond     

.1 

.3 

40.3 

21.1 

8.6 

5.1 

1.0 

4.9 

17.6 

99.0 

si 

312  3 

276  ■"> 

83  6 
69.6 
54.5 

-'i 

53 

Bond 

.02 

.6 

39.0 

14  2 

5.1 

4.1 

1.1 

10.7 

18.8 

99.62 

si 

235  2 

210.3 

47  8 
44.0 
37.4 

19 

100 

Bond     

Produced.. 

2.0 

.5 

1.6 

4.7 

31.8 

13.6 

10.2 

4.2 

.9 

8.7 

21.1 

99  3 

si 

314.2 
321  5 
306 .  S 

92.8 

89.5 
51  2 

66 

166 

Bond  

Possible. . . 

1.0 

.6 

1.4 

.6 

4.0 

3.4 

42.8 
31.0 

18.6 
15.8 

8.2 
9.8 

4.6 
11.0 

1.4 

3.8 

14.0 

99.8 

si 
si 

302  4 

289.1 
212.7 

92  8 
83.5 
56.2 

32  2 

82 

167 

Bond 

Produced. . 

3 . 2 

7.6 

16.0 

99.0 

336  .7 

311.1 
292  7 

46.6 
48  6 

30.3 

30 

168 

Bond  

Produced.. 

2 

.4 

.8 

27.8 

15.6 

9.2 

6.4 

.8 

10.0 

28.0 

99.2 

si 

336.6 

325 . 7 
346  4 

77.6 
78  8 
41.5 

l'l 

170 

Bond 

Produced. . 

2.2 

4.0 

9.8 

18.0 

8.8 

13.8 

3.4 

.8 

13.4 

25.0 

99.2 

si 

281.0 
303.1 
319  0 

66.3 
86  7 
76.8 

4  9 

108 

171 

Bond     

Possible.. . 

2 

3.0 

24.6 

45.0 

1.8 

1.0 

1.0 

p2 

4.0 

18.4 

99.2 

si 

299.4 
336  6 

326.1 

432  0 
248.6 
152.5 

28.1 

;78 

179 

Bond     

Produced.. 

.5 

.5 

.9 

2.0 

39.0 

26.2 

6.4 

2.2 

.4 

4.4 

16.4 

98.4 

4    I 

6    • 
8 

290  0 
278.1 
254.7 

104.4 
96 . 4 
62.8 

I0.i 

Possible 

.8 

7.2 

37.4 

11.2 

4.6 

3.4 

1.2 

10.4 

23.0 

99.2 

8     1 

43 

329.7 
325.2 

83  5 
58.3 

». 

113 

Bureau 

Possible. . . 

1.0 

34.6 

21.6 

11.0 

7.2 

1.8 

12.0 

10.0 

99.2 

4      [ 

231  1 
185.3 
147.4 

43.2 

39.2 
26.7 

25  6 

23 

114 

Bureau 

.6 

30.6 

25.8 

10.4 

7.8 

2.4 

9.4 

12.0 

99.0 

8     1. 

283.2 

232.3 
174.4 

64.2 

43.2 
29.9 

19.8 

28 

115 

.4 

26.8 

22  4 

9.4 

5.8 

1.8 

13.4 

19.0 

99.0 

if 

8    1 

245.8 
266  9 

251.0 

50  1 
41.8 
37.4 

23 

XI 
4' 

116 

Bureau 

1.4 

35.6 

27.8 

10.8 

5.0 

.6 

6.3 

11.6 

99.1 

4     f 
6 
8    I 

231.7 
183.4 
138.5 

69.6 

54.5 

42.5 

16.5 

117 

Bureau 

2.0 

37.4 

25.4 

11.0 

5.0 

,fi 

5.4 

12.4 

99.2 

4    f 

6 

8     I 

212.5 

171.0 
133. 5 

71.6 

51.2 
36.9 

138 

Cass 

.02 

14.2 

19.2 

14.6 

7.2 

3.3 

26.6 

14.8 

99  92 

4     f 
8     ( 

205.9 

192.7 
167.8 

26.9 

13.7 
15.1 

4  3 

gain 

143 

29.0 

18.0 

32.6 
22.6 

12.0 
12.8 

7.0 
9.4 

1.0 

5.6 

12.4 

99.6 

4     f 
6 

8    1 

254.8 

179.1 
144.5 

61.1 
47.5 

36.3 

22.8 





144 

Cass 

Possible. . . 

2.6 

18.2 

16.0 

99.6 

sl 

198.8 
191.7 
156.6 

19.4 
21  1 
18.3 

145 

Cass 

12.6 

13.8 

9.2 

11.0 

4.6 

35.6 

12.5 

99.3 

11 

216  0 

193.3 
173.2 

9  9 

9.3 

9.6 

1  Bold  face  figures  indicate  the  best  developed  bond  strength  and  permeability. 
*  Precise  locations  are  given  on  pages  12-27. 


Table  I. 

MOLDING 
Results  of 

SAND    RESOURCES    OF    ILLINOIS 
tests  on  Illinois  molding  sands1 — Continuec 

31 

1            County2 

Grade  if 
Used 

Screen  Analysis 

a 

J3 

M 

-a  b 
a  " 

rax 

9 

S 

u 

& 

Ph 

«"5 

O  bf 

o-a§ 

>> 

CO 

a 
O 

a 
O 

o 

a 

O 

o 

C 

O 

o 

C 

O 

o 

o 

a 
O 

o 

-r 
C 

O 

o 

o 

(M 

a 
O 

o 

C 

O 

eg 

3 
O 

-C  = 

r-1  c^i 

O 

o 
H 

'2 

cS 

s 

-_.  E 
Mfe 

6     Cass 

No  \  alue 
(Calcium 
carbonate 
present).  .. 

1.4 

16.4 
11.0 
13.1 
31.2 

16.4 
11.8 
24.0 
11.3 

9.C 

5.6 
18.4 

9.C 

4.2 
15.6 

3.5 

26.6 

17. C 

99.0 

II 

196.4 

191.9 
189.2 

8.1 
7.7 
8.3 

9  3 

7     Cass 

2.4 

44.0 

20.0 

99.0 

4 

6    • 
8 

203.4 
251.1 

231.6 

4.5 

4.3 
4.1 

.02 
2.4 

4.4 

3.3 

14.2 

9.68 

98.3 

il 

186.1 

161.7 
132.9 

30  6 
29.5 
24.4 



.3 

.7 

7     Clinton 

Possible? . . 

4.8 

4.9 

1.4 

15.9 

26.4 

99.3 

II 

270.6 
270.7 
279.3 

56.8 

41.2 
3.8 

10 .8 

3     Cook 

Possibla.. . 

5.0 
27.4 
29.0 
37.8 
45.0 

21.0 
25.0 
19.8 
23.0 
9.0 

20.6 
14.1 
6.7 
9.6 
3.0 

19.0 
11.8 
4.2 
8.4 

3.4 

7.4 

22.6 

99.0 

SI 

312.7 
322  4 
309.3 

54.2 

43.7 
33.5 

31  4 



.06 

2.8 

1.8 

15.4 

7     Favette 

2.0 

3.9 

14.5 

98.76 

si 

254.1 
224.4 

207.0 

71.6 

53.3 
55.7 

43  7 

1.2 

.2 

l.s 

1.6 

.2 

3.8 

Possible. . . 

2.0 

9.8 

22.4 

99.5 

4     f 

51 

319.2 

288.6 

50.0 
57.1 

71  4 

b     Favette 

Possible. . . 

2.0 

5.0 

11.0 

99.0 

4 

6     • 
8 

329.9 

326.0 
314.2 

61.9 
57.3 
49.0 

55 . 2 

f     Favette 

Produced.. 

2.4 

.4 

4.2 

14.0 

99.0 

sl 

284.8 

269.4 
220.0 

182.9 
135.7 
104.4 

110  9 

:t     Fayette 

Possible. . . 

32.0 

51.2 

39.8 
9.0 

22.0 

7.4 

20.4 
17.0 

13.2 
3.2 

11.6 

1.2 

1.8 

17.0 

99.4 

SI 

341.3 

321.7 
283.3 

100.3 

92.8 
67.8 

66  3 

1.8 

2.8 

7.0 
1.0 

»     Fayette 

Possible. . . 

3.0 

1.0 

6.0 

16.0 

99.4 

6     f 

iM 

315.3 
315.4 
339.9 

50.6 
70.4 

69.4 

127.1 

J1     Favette 

6.6 

3.8 

.4 

6.4 

20.6 

99.0 

8     I 

320.7 

301.7 
295.4 

72.0 
80.8 
59.2 

49.7 





I     Gallatin 

Possible.. . 

13.0 

12.0 

5.0 

26.0 

17.0 

99.0 

SI 

181.5 

167.9 
153.4 

18.0 
17.5 
15.7 

8.8 

16.2 

— 





J      Gallatin 

Possible. . . 

11.0 

.2 

21.4 
1.4 

16.0 
4.0 

13.0 
7.0 

4.0 
6.0 

11.4 

22.6 

99.4 

il 
Sl 

333.1 
326.0 
320.6 

31.7 

26.7 
21.4 

26  9 



\     Hancock 

\ 

"No.  2"... 

53.0 

28.0 

99.6 

245.0 
282.1 

263.4 

7.5 
7.5 

7.2 

7.2 

i      Hancock 



Produced.. 

.04 

1.8 

3.0 

3.1 

6.8 

4.4 

64.2 

16.4 

99.74 

4     f 
6 
8     1 

255.0 
286.5 
257.0 

6.5 

5.4 

4  2 

6.4 

Henderson 

Produced.. 

.2 

.02 

.4 

11.3 

11.3 

9.6 

11.6 

4.6 

38.2 

11.8 

99.02 

SI 

212.9 

192.1 

12.5 

8.7 
10.9 

13.4 

Produced.. 

.1 

.3 

2.0 

18.7 

12.1 

9.3 

13.0 

5.0 

29.1 

9.4 

99.0 

4     f 
6 

8     I 

181.5 
197.8 

173.8 

13.2 

13.0 
12.6 

11.3 

1      Henderson 

Possible 
(Calcium 
carbonate 
present).  . . 

.8 

1.6 

6.6 

6.9 

78.2 

5.0 

99.1 

SI 

147.0 
169.5 
172.8 

7.1 
7.2 
6.9 

9.0 

1  Bold  face  figu 

2  Precise  locatit 

res  indicate  th 
ins  are  given  c 

e  bes 
n  pa 

t  de 

5es  1 

felop 
2-27. 

ed  b 

>nd  s 

treng 

th  a 

id  pe 

rmea 

jility. 

32 


MOLDING    SAM)    RESOURCES    OF    ILLINOIS 
Table  I.     Results  of  tests  on  Illinois  molding  sands'— Continued 


County2 

Screen  Analysis 

a 

It 

| 

C    6[ 

it 
til  S 

0 

03 

►J 

Grade  if 
Used 

CO 

e 

o 

CM 

a 
O 

© 

a 
O 

© 
c 

° 

o 

s 
O 

o 
o 

e 
O 

o 

a 
O 

o 
o 

c 

o 

o 

a 
° 

3 
O 

-=? 

o 

O 

130 

Henderson 

2.2 

16.0 
14.0 
32.0 

5.4 

6.2 
13.8 

8.3 
23.0 
27.0 

13.5 
9.5 

30.0 

3.0 
15.4 

7.4 
6.6 
12.1 
17.6 
12.3 
26.0 
17.4 
17.4 
15.9 

7.6 
9.0 
3.4 
6.3 
20.1 
11.0 
14.9 
13.4 
7.4 
12.6 
13.5 

8.2 
7.4 
8.4 
11.8 
28.3 
11.0 
21.8 
11.2 

2.8 

31.8 

17.6 

99.2 

4 

6     ' 

s 

225.7 
248.9 
221.9 

19.3 

18.1 
15.7 

114      1 

— 

—  - 

131 

Henderson    . 

3.0 

29.4 

21.0 

99.2 

*     [ 

8     I 

278.2 
281  3 
266  B 

21.4 
26  7 
21.1 

1 
1 

21    1 

5 

4.2 



Henderson 

3.4 

18.2 

22.2 

99.2 

II 

132 

298  0 

269.4 

23  2 
16.5 

133 

Henderson, 

"No.  2 
( Ipen".. . 

6.2 

40.4 

22.4 

99.1 

i! 

237.2 
250  0 
241.6 

11  6 

10.4 
5.7 

.3 

134 

Henderson.   .    . 

"No.  1 

7.3 

17.2 

8.0 

99.5 

4 
6 
8 

188.4 

149.8 
133.6 

23.2 
25  6 
21.8 

142 

Henderson 

2.4 

26.4 

16.0 

98.2 

i! 

230.0 

216.2 
188.4 

18.5 
16.0 

14.5 

1 
1 





.1 

170 

Henderson 

7.6 

27.9 

5.8 

98.7 

4     f 

it 

151.5 

147.9 
136.1 

15.9 

14.5 
13.7 

— 



76 

2.6 

12.  S 

10.2 

99.2 

4  f 
6 

8     I 

204.7 
179.1 
159.6 

23.2 
28  5 
24.4 

1.8 

.3 

.2 

2.6 

.4 

77 

Henry 

4.6 
10.1 
12.0 

1.4 

21.0 

18.0 

98.4 

n 

189.6 
201  7 
186.6 

9.8 
12.2 
13.7 

— 

.1 

.06 

83 

Henry.. 

Produced.. 

2.9 

27.3 
34.6 

14.1 

7.6 

98.36 

!■ 

222.8 

214.8 
209.7 

15.7 
16  6 

12.6 

25  7 

88 

5.3 

98.6 

• 

s 

234.4 
223.1 
191.7 

9.8 
10  2 

8.1 

11.2 

— 





03 

10.6 

15.4 

18.2 

3.4 

7.8 

10.6 

98.6 

4     1 

6 

8     1 

209.8 

175.5 
134.4 

35  3 

32.6 
29.6 

17.9     - 

94 

17.4 

17.8 

18.0 

19.6 

4.0 

10.0 

12.0 

99.2 

4     f 
It 

198  0 

188.4 
156.6 

36.4 

34.8 
30.9 

95 

5.0 
16.4 

3.8 

2.C 
15.4 

2.C 
23.  c 

11.8 

25.2 

2.2 

30.8 

21.6 
15.6 
3.4 

28.4 

5.8 

11.9 

14.7 

99.2 

4     f 
6    J 
8     I 

251.7 
262  4 
228.1 

23.2 
27.8 

20.4 



.4 

99 

Henry 

10. C 
5.f 

3.0 

17.2 

11.4 

99.2 

4 

6    J 
8 

167.4 

158.7 
136.2 

23.2 

24  5 
20.0 



111 

2.5 

58.  C 

23.0 

98.5 

4 
I" 

292.5 
291.0 

6.5 
8  0 

7.7 

49.7 
55.7 
34.4 

8.2 

112 

31.4 

15.4 

2.4 

4.: 

13.  C 

99.C 

4 

6     ■ 
8 

269.5 

242.2 

188.7 



182 

Jackson 

17.4 
6.C 
27. C 

15.  f 
9.4 

17.4 
26.' 

5.4 

ii.: 

16.6 

99. ( 

SI 

291  1 

253.4 
224.2 

30  0 
30  9 

28.4 

19.7     . 

61 

Jo  Daviess. . . 

9.( 

27.4 

19.4 

99.  ( 

II 

317.7 

297.8 

287.5 

11.2 
12.2 

10.9 

52.2 

44.0 

- 

62 

Jo  Daviess. . . 

18. ( 

15. ( 

)     2.f 

i.i 

8.C 

99. ( 

4 

6    ■ 
8 

220  4 
152.4 

130.7  I  41.8 

1  Bold  face  fi( 

2  Precise  lcca 

;ures  indicate 
ions  are  given 

the! 
en  p 

jest  ( 
ages 

level 
12-27 

oped 

bom 

lstrc 

ngtl 

and 

perm 

rabilil 

y. 

MOLDING    SAND    RESOURCES    OF    ILLINOIS 
Table  i.     Results  of  tests  on  Illinois  molding  sands'-Continued 


33 


sstote£S£*:  bast1  bond  strength  and  permeabi 


iity. 


34 


MOLDING    SAND    RESOURCES    OF    ILLINOIS 
Table  I.     Results  of  tests  on  Illinois  molding  sands'-Continued 


County2 


57 

150 

152 

.  Bold  face  figures  indicate  the  best  developed  bond  strength  and  permeability. 
»  Precise  kcaticns  are  given  en  pages  ll-ii. 


3 


MOLDING    SAXD    RESOURCES    OF    ILLINOIS 
Table  I.     Results  of  tests  on  Illinois  molding  sands'-Continued 


35 


County' 


Grade  if 
Used 


Screen  Analysis 


Rock  Island. . . 


Possible. 


Rock  Island. 


Rock  Island. 


i     Sangamon. 


Possible. 


1.2 


Possible. 


Possible. 


St.  Clair. 


Shelby 


Possible 
(Calcium 
carbonate 
present). . 


.02 


20.0 


Possible. 


Tazewell Possibl 


White . 


White . 


White. 


Possible. 


Possible. 


Possible. 


Whiteside.. 


Whiteside. 


Possible 
(Calcium 
carbonate 
present).  . 


Possible.     I 
(Calcium 
carbonate 
present). 


1  2 


5.0 


10. 0 


3.5 . 4 


9.8 


47.0 


17.6 


27.0 


3.4 


7.4 


;  ii 


22.9 


11.8 


16.7 


11.2 


6.2 


11.1 


48.8 


15.2 


19.0 


3.2 


4.4         .4 


24.6 


23.2 


Whiteside.... 


Whiteside. 


Will. 


Will. 


Possible. 


Possible. 


Produced . 


Will. 


Will. 




Will. 


Produced. 


Produced. 


Possible. 


Possible. 


7.0 


33.4 


11.0 


11.0 


3.9 


23.2 


22.0 


12.2 


18.2 


23.0 


2.8 


9.2 


33. 


1    t 


I     4 
98.92      6 


17.6 


8.2 


16.2 


99.1 


208  6 

202.0 
183.3 


99.0 


lii 


2.2 


19.2 


1.8 


19.0 


12.8 


1S.0 


11. s 


13.0 


13  l 


5.4 


15.2 


21.4 


13.8 


8  2 


24.6 


99.4 


99.6 


209.9 
232  3 

215.8 


20.2 

17.4 
15.9 


236.4 
271 .4 

261.8 


321  3 

301.3 
243.6 


32.2 
38.6 
45.6 


4.4 
4.6 
4.7 


7.7 


4.0 


2.4 


4.4 


3.8 


14.0 


13.0 


10.8 


19.0 


12. S 


17.0 


13.2 


51.5 


38 . 0 


10.0 


14.2 


23.3 


13  1 


11.9 


23.  S 


5.4 


7.11 


5.0 


24.6 


19.0 


11.0 


30. 


39.2 


2.5.0 


17.2 


1.5. S 


6.4 


6.6 


1.5.6 


8.2 


16.6 


99.2 


97.0 


145.0 
186.0 

172.6 


361.6 
358.2 
370.2 


147.7 

104.4 
92.8 


20.5 


50.1 


8.4 


92.4 


4.3 
4.5 
4.7 


188  3 
.6 

124.0 


238.7 
252  4 
215.9 


6.8 


8.2 


26.0 


20.6 


5.2 


10.4 


4.2 


4.6 


8.4 


11.6 


12.2 


99.4 


99.2 


306  9 

284.3 
254.4 


247.7 

210.6 
151.9 


5.0 


5.1 


25.0 


232  0 


22.7 
26.1 
19.2 


70.2 

63.9 
45.8 


315.9 
323  3 

283.7 


154.1 
138.3 
143.3 


15.4 


11.2 


28.8 


1.0      7.0 


19.0 


99.9 


99.2 


9.0 


11.8 


20.0 


99.1 


4     I 
6    { 


247.4 

172.2 
154.2 


46  8 

39.3 
40.2 


42.4 
41.2 
37.9 


31.7 


21.8 


33.3 


14.5 


43.9 


31.3 


12.2 
12.9 
13.4 


8.1 

9.0 

10.0 


322  9 

302.4 


245.0 

222.6 
196.1 


99.4 


99.0 


241.9 

212.2 
165.0 


162.1 
166  2 
136.9 


15.3 

14.7 
13.6 


16.4 


32.2 


13.  & 


14.9 


13.7 
14.1 
13.9 


32.2 

28.1 
23.4 


131.7 
133.7 

127.3 


267.4 

200.2 
124.4 


6        253.2 
8        248.0 


21.5 
23.4 
22.0 


11.0 
12.6 
13.6 


139.2 

96.4 
67.8 


15.5 


27.9 


13.9 


14.1 


14.4 


99. 


72.4 
51.2 


s  ssftteasss  £s.dsi!rd  bond  strength  and  "—"•*■ 


36 


MOLDING    SAM)    RESOURCES    OF    ILLINOIS 
Table  I.     Results  of  tests  on  Illinois  molding  sands'— Continued 


County2 

Grade  if 
Used 

Screen  Analysis 

e 
u  o 

05  oo 

>> 

'2 

a 
5 

S 

M 

9 

Oh 

I'er  cent    Loss 
Bond  Strength 
at  000c  F 

>> 

IS 

i 
»a 

/:  u 

-- 

0 

4 

e 
O 

cm 

c 
O 

o 
c 

o 

O 

a 
O 

o 
e 

o 

o 
o 

c 
O 

o 

a 
O 

o 
o 

c 
O 

On  270 

Through 
270 

08 

5 

"3 
o 
H 

40 

Will      





A 

4.4 
.4 
.3 
.2 

33.0 
25 . 6 
29.0 
10.8 
3.0 

10.0 

27.6 

17.0 

8.2 

2.8 

7.0 
8.8 
8.0 
5.4 

2.4 

5.4 
7.0 
7.0 
4.6 
5.8 

7.0 

6.8 

19.0 
16.8 

22.  S 

99.0 

4    1 

6 
8    I 

270  1 
237.4 

73.9 
36.8 

5   1 

87.1 

„ 

.8 
1.0 

13.0 
12.8 

99.2 

98.5 

4     ( 

>i 

9 

6     ( 

8 

in 

319.0 
305.0 

299.5 

50.1 

41.8 

52 

Winnebago .... 

46 



308.6 
316  7 
338  4 

14.0 
16.2 
17  9 

36. 
5 

47 

Winnebago 





Winnebago 

2.4 

40.2 

27.6 

99.4 

4    1 
8     1 

177  6 
184  3 

6.0 
9.4 
10  6 

48 





5.0 

69.4 

11.0 

99.4 

4 

6     • 
8 

258  0 
243.3 
231.9 

4.4 
4.2 
3.9 

50 

Winnebago .  .  . 

Possible 

(Calcium 
carbonate 
present) 



ol 

1  strl 

m'th 

and 

oerm' 

abilit 

v. 

1     I5UIU    laic    Ugun-o   *..-_.»■-« — 

8  Precise  locations  are  given  on  pages  U-li 


MOLDING    SAND    RESOURCES    OF    ILLINOIS 


37 


Table  2. 

Results  o 

:  tests 

on  imp 

ort< 

id  sands 

used  in 

Illinois1 

~          Location2 
3 

Grade  if 
Used 

Screen  Analysis 

a 

«02 

g 

10 

a 

u 

—  - 

gGQo 

o— .© 
c  2 

>. 

c 
O 

c 
O 

o 

c 
O 

c 
O 

o 

e 
O 

o 
© 

c 
O 

o 

c 
O 

© 

c 
O 

© 

c 
O 

JS 

u 

O 
u 

•*=  = 

O 

"3 
o 

IS 

-    1 

03     Albany,  N.Y.. 

Produced 

.5 

6.7 

7.4 

13.9 

21.5 

7.5 

22.1 

19.6 

99.2 

4     f 
li 

145.3 
171.0 

148.4 

8.9 
13.3 
13.8 

8.9 

15  2 

M     Albany,  NY.. 

Produced 

1.5 

4.9 

8.8 

21.4 

13.7 

37.4 

11.2 

98.9 

4 
6 
8 

164.8 
153.6 

10.0 
11.6 
12.3 

2  6 

gain 

9.6 

iO     Albany,  N.Y.. 

"No.  1"... 

.9 

1.3 

2.9 

9.5 

29.0 

15.9 

34.4 

5.9 

99.1 

il 

140.3 
144.2 
146.0 

15.5 

13.7 
14.2 

14  9 

:5     Bauman,  Ind. . 

Produced 

.06 

.04 

.02 

.04 

.04 

72.8 

24.8 

97.8 

i( 

240.9 
263.7 
247.6 

2.0 
2.2 
2.8 

6  2 

3.1 

0     Bauman,  Ind. . 

Produced 

.02 

.02 

.04 

.4 

.7 

1.3 

5.5 

4.9 

70.2 

15.2 

98.28 

il 

165.3 
202.2 
207.6 

2.8 
3.7 
4.2 

2.3 

8.9 

4     Beloit,  Wis. . . . 

Produced 

.04 

2.6 

41.3 

16.9 

6.6 

3.9 

.1 

13.4 

13.0 

97.84 

4 

6    • 
8 

233.2 

220.2 
171.0 

45.7 

34.8 
18.3 

40  9 

5     Beloit,  Wis  . 

"North- 
western" 

.06 
.4 

.1 

.3 

1.1 

.5 

19.5 
3.9 

8.9 
8.0 

4.3 
26.1 

3.0 
24.8 

1.3 

33.2 

28.2 

99.66 

il 

264.9 
270.8 
303.7 

17.3 
16.3 
30.6 

111 

7     Conneaut,  Ohio 

"Nash" 

3.7 

20.8 

10.1 

98.6 

il 

151.1 
147.8 

11.7 
16.2 
19.0 

5.4 

16  1 

5    /Bauman,  Ind. . 
\Conneaut,  Ohio 

\Foundry 
J    Mix 

.02 

.1 

.2 

1.4 

3.5 

10.8 

9.1 

1.9 

59.3 

12.6 

98.92 

i! 

168.5 
177.2 

3.9 
4.6 
5.3 

5.3 

I     Conneaut,  Ohio 

Produced 

.04 
.04 

1.2 
.07 

2.6 
2.2 

4.4 

2.8 

11.1 
7.0 

6.4 

60.8 

13.0 

99.54 

il 

254.2 

228.1 

7.7 

7.3 

6.2 



.06 

1      Newport,  Ky. . 

"Dyeton" 

5.6 

59.0 

21.3 

98.7 

il 

188.4 
204.0 
233.8 

3.3 
4.0 
4.5 

7.2 

1      Newcastle.Ind. 

"Bradford  " 

11.7 

1.9 

5.0 

3.4 

18.6 

7.8 

5.6 

5.3 

1.4 

17.7 

20.7 

99.1 

4 
6 
8 

294.2 
301.7 
316.2 

12.5 
16.5 
30.7 

35.4 

>      Newcastle.Ind. 

"Bradford" 

2.6 

2.2 

3.9 

8.7 

26.0 

7.9 

4.8 

4.6 

1.6 

16.8 

19.4 

98.5 

4     f 
6 
8     I 

330.3 
351.9 

44.8 
58.3 
64.3 

37.3 

75.0 

i      Ridgeway,  Pa. 
- 

Produced 

18.0 

50.0 

6.0 

2.6 

3.0 

.4 

7.4 

12.0 

99.4 

il 

149.0 
151.7 
165.6 

25.5 
52.4 
61.9 

11.6 

23.0 

Zanesville.Ohio 

Produced 

.6 

1.9 

9.8 

49.8 

8.6 

3.0 

1.1 

2.4 

11.4 

11.2 

99.8 

il 

231  3 
197.4 
135.8 

77.5 
63.2 
35.1 

33.3 

142.4 

Zanesville.Ohio 

Produced 

.7 

.6 

1.9 

18.4 

10.7 

6.7 

5.7 

2.7 

35.6 

16.1 

99.1 

4     f 
10     ( 

145.4 
166.7 
202.1 
220.4 

20.4 

15.9 
11.1 
9.7 

16.1 

1  Bold  face  figures  indicate  the  best  developed  bond  strength  and  permeability. 
1  For  further  information  regarding  location,  see  pages  28  and  29. 


CHER'S" 

LIBRARY  BINDERS 

507S.Goodwtn 

Urbana,  HL 


mm 


fWB 


*m 


3923. 


